基于锂转换器的强中微子源
Intensive neutrino source on the base of lithium converter
摘要：
利用短寿命同位素~ 8Li（0.84s）的β衰变，可实现强流硬谱（能量达13 MeV，平均能量6.5MeV）反中微子源。8Li同位素（由7 Li同位素活化产生）是一种最有前景的反中微子源，因为它具有硬的反中微子谱和能量与截面的平方关系。到目前为止，核反应堆是最密集的中微子源。在能量E>6 MeV的总反中微子谱中，反中微子反应堆谱有很大的不确定性. 8Li同位素的使用允许急剧降低不确定性或完全排除它。快速产生~ 8Li同位素需要较高的中子通量。核反应堆基础上的装置可以替代核反应堆作为传统的中子源。在加速器、中子发生靶和锂转换器串联的基础上，也有可能产生另一种原理上的中微子源。强烈的中子通量（即，强大的中子源），以实现所考虑的中微子源（中微子工厂）。讨论了锂反中微子源（基于高纯7 Li同位素的锂转换器）的不同实现：静态状态（即，没有将8Li同位素输送到中微子探测器）;动态状态（在闭合循环中将8Li同位素输送到远程探测器）;与加速器串联的锂转换器与基于钨、铅或铋的中子产生靶的操作。考虑了锂的不同化合物（作为转换器的物质）。LiOD的重水溶液被提议作为金属状态下高纯7 Li的严肃替代品。
英文摘要：
An intensive antineutrino source with a hard spectrum (with energy up to 13 MeV, average energy 6.5 MeV) can be realized on the base of beta-decay of short living isotope 8Li (0.84 s). The 8Li isotope (generated in activation of 7Li isotope) is a prime perspective antineutrino source owing to the hard antineutrino spectrum and square dependence of cross section on the energy. Up today nuclear reactors are the most intensive neutrino sources. Antineutrino reactor spectra have large uncertainties in the summary antineutrino spectrum at energy E>6 MeV. Use of 8Li isotope allows to decrease sharply the uncertainties or to exclude it completely. An intensive neutron fluxes are requested for rapid generation of 8Li isotope. The installations on the base of nuclear reactors can be an alternative for nuclear reactors as traditional neutron sources. It is possible creation of neutrino sources another in principle: on the base of tandem of accelerators, neutron generating targets and lithium converter. An intensive neutron flux (i.e., powerful neutron source) is requested for realization of considered neutrino sources (neutrino factories). Different realizations of lithium antineutrino sources (lithium converter on the base of high purified 7Li isotope) are discussed: static regime (i.e., without transport of 8Li isotope to the neutrino detector); dynamic regime (transport of 8Li isotope to the remote detector in a closed cycle); an operation of lithium converter in tandem of accelerator with a neutron-producing target on the base of tungsten, lead or bismuth. Different chemical compounds of lithium (as the substance of the converter) are considered. Heavy water solution of LiOD is proposed as a serious alternative to high-pure 7Li in a metallic state.
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