超小谷胱甘肽保护的金纳米簇作为下一代放射治疗增敏剂，具有高肿瘤摄取和高肾清除率
Ultrasmall Glutathione-Protected Gold Nanoclusters as Next Generation Radiotherapy Sensitizers with High Tumor Uptake and High Renal Clearance
摘要：
放射治疗通常是实体瘤最直接的一线癌症治疗。虽然它对肿瘤非常有效，但对健康的近端组织也有附带损害，特别是高剂量。放射增敏剂的使用是提高放射治疗对肿瘤杀伤效率的有效方法，同时大大限制了接受的剂量并减少了对正常组织的可能损害。在这里，我们报告了一种良好的放射增敏剂的设计和应用，通过使用超小的金纳米团簇与天然存在的肽（例如，谷胱甘肽或GSH）作为保护壳。GSH包被的金纳米团簇可以逃避RES吸收，导致良好的肿瘤摄取（在注射后24小时为8.1%ID/g）。因此，所设计的Au纳米团簇导致放射治疗的强烈增强，以及对正常组织的可忽略不计的损伤。在治疗后，超小的金纳米团簇可以被肾脏有效地清除，从而避免由金原子在体内积累引起的潜在长期副作用。我们的数据表明，超小肽保护的金纳米团簇是一个有前途的放射增敏剂的癌症放射治疗。
英文摘要：
Radiotherapy is often the most straightforward first line cancer treatment for solid tumors. While it is highly effective against tumors, there is also collateral damage to healthy proximal tissues especially with high doses. The use of radiosensitizers is an effective way to boost the killing efficacy of radiotherapy against the tumor while drastically limiting the received dose and reducing the possible damage to normal tissues. Here, we report the design and application of a good radiosensitizer by using ultrasmall gold nanoclusters with a naturally occurring peptide (e.g., glutathione or GSH) as the protecting shell. The GSH coated gold nanoclusters can escape the RES absorption, leading to a good tumor uptake (8.1% ID/g at 24 h post injection). As a result, the as-designed Au nanoclusters led to a strong enhancement for radiotherapy, as well as a negligible damage to normal tissues. After the treatment, the ultrasmall gold nanoclusters can be efficiently cleared by the kidney, thereby avoiding potential long term side effects caused by the accumulation of gold atoms in the body. Our data suggest that the ultrasmall peptide protected Au nanoclusters are a promising radiosensitizer for cancer radiotherapy.
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