探索阈：边界$f(R)$重力中晕和次晕的性质
Exploring the liminality: properties of haloes and subhaloes in borderline $f(R)$ gravity
摘要：
我们调查的$f(R)$重力模型与$|f_{R0}|=10^{-6}$暗物质晕和subhaloes的属性，使用一个非常高分辨率的N体模拟。该模型是一个边界线之间的宇宙学有趣，但仍然符合目前的数据。我们发现，在这个模型中的晕质量函数有一个最大的20%的增强相比，$Λ$ CDM预测之间的$z=1$和$z=0$。由于在稠密环境中屏蔽标准重力偏差的变色龙机制，在这个$f(R)$模型中比$10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$更大质量的晕与$Λ$ CDM中类似质量的晕具有非常相似的性质，而质量较小的晕，如银河系的晕，由于其较弱的屏蔽，可以具有更陡峭的内部密度分布和更高的速度色散。在这个模型中，由于总引力势的加深，低质量晕的晕浓度显著增强。与天真的期望相反，在这个模型中，低质量晕的晕形成时间$z_f$要晚一些，这是因为这些晕在后期比$Λ$ CDM中的对应物生长得更快，以及$z_f$的定义。亚晕，特别是那些质量小于$10^{11}h^{-1}M_\odot$的亚晕，在这个$f(R)$模型中，对于质量小于$10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$的主晕，其丰度要大得多。我们讨论了银河系卫星丰度问题的影响，这些结果。虽然在这个边界$f(R)$模型的整体晕和subhalo属性接近他们的$Λ$ CDM预测，我们的研究结果表明，本地集团和天体物理系统的研究，高分辨率模拟的帮助下，可以是有价值的进一步测试。
英文摘要：
We investigate the properties of dark matter haloes and subhaloes in an $f(R)$ gravity model with $|f_{R0}|=10^{-6}$, using a very high-resolution N-body simulation. The model is a borderline between being cosmologically interesting and yet still consistent with current data. We find that the halo mass function in this model has a maximum 20% enhancement compared with the $Λ$CDM predictions between $z=1$ and $z=0$. Because of the chameleon mechanism which screens the deviation from standard gravity in dense environments, haloes more massive than $10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$ in this $f(R)$ model have very similar properties to haloes of similar mass in $Λ$CDM, while less massive haloes, such as that of the Milky Way, can have steeper inner density profiles and higher velocity dispersions due to their weaker screening. The halo concentration is remarkably enhanced for low-mass haloes in this model due to a deepening of the total gravitational potential. Contrary to the naive expectation, the halo formation time $z_f$ is later for low-mass haloes in this model, a consequence of these haloes growing faster than their counterparts in $Λ$CDM at late times and the definition of $z_f$. Subhaloes, especially those less massive than $10^{11}h^{-1}M_\odot$, are substantially more abundant in this $f(R)$ model for host haloes less massive than $10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$. We discuss the implications of these results for the Milky Way satellite abundance problem. Although the overall halo and subhalo properties in this borderline $f(R)$ model are close to their $Λ$CDM predictions, our results suggest that studies of the Local Group and astrophysical systems, aided by high-resolution simulations, can be valuable for further tests of it.
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