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arXiv 1503.01108astro-ph.GA
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21- SPONGE HI吸收调查I:技术和初步结果

The 21-SPONGE HI Absorption Survey I: Techniques and Initial Results

Claire E. Murray, Snežana Stanimirović, W. M. Goss, John M. Dickey, Carl Heiles, Robert R. Lindner, Brian Babler, Nickolas M. Pingel, Allen Lawrence, Jacob Jenc… 展开作者

Claire E. Murray, Snežana Stanimirović, W. M. Goss, John M. Dickey, Carl Heiles, Robert R. Lindner, Brian Babler, Nickolas M. Pingel, Allen Lawrence, Jacob Jencson, Patrick Hennebelle

摘要:

本文介绍了用卡尔G. Jansky甚大阵列(VLA)随着VLA的升级功能,我们达到了中值均方根(RMS)噪声的光学深度$σ_τ=9\times 10^{-4}$每个$0.42\rm\,km\,s^{-1}$通道的31个源在这里。完成后,21-SPONGE将成为具有如此高灵敏度的最大HI吸收调查。我们讨论的意见和数据减少策略,以及线拟合技术。我们证明,VLA带通是足够稳定的检测宽,浅线与温暖的HI,并表明带通观测可以结合在一起的时间,以减少光谱噪声。结合匹配的HI发射轮廓从阿雷西博天文台($\sim3.5'$角分辨率),我们估计激发(或自旋)温度($\rm T_s$)和柱密度的高斯分量拟合的视线,我们检测HI吸收(30/31)。我们测量的温度高达$\rm T_s\sim1500\rm\,K$的个别线,表明我们可以探测热不稳定的星际介质(ISM)直接。然而,我们检测到的这些热不稳定成分比以前的观测研究预期的要少。我们探测了$\sim10^{16}$和$>10^{21}\rm\,cm^{-2}$之间单个HI云的宽范围的柱密度。此外,我们再现了Kim等人(2014)通过流体动力ISM模拟的合成观测发现的冷气分数和平均$\rm T_s$之间的趋势。最后,我们调查方法估计HI $\rm T_s$,并讨论其偏差。

英文摘要:

We present methods and results from "21-cm Spectral Line Observations of Neutral Gas with the EVLA" (21-SPONGE), a large survey for Galactic neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). With the upgraded capabilities of the VLA, we reach median root-mean-square (RMS) noise in optical depth of $σ_τ=9\times 10^{-4}$ per $0.42\rm\,km\,s^{-1}$ channel for the 31 sources presented here. Upon completion, 21-SPONGE will be the largest HI absorption survey with this high sensitivity. We discuss the observations and data reduction strategies, as well as line fitting techniques. We prove that the VLA bandpass is stable enough to detect broad, shallow lines associated with warm HI, and show that bandpass observations can be combined in time to reduce spectral noise. In combination with matching HI emission profiles from the Arecibo Observatory ($\sim3.5'$ angular resolution), we estimate excitation (or spin) temperatures ($\rm T_s$) and column densities for Gaussian components fitted to sightlines along which we detect HI absorption (30/31). We measure temperatures up to $\rm T_s\sim1500\rm\,K$ for individual lines, showing that we can probe the thermally unstable interstellar medium (ISM) directly. However, we detect fewer of these thermally unstable components than expected from previous observational studies. We probe a wide range in column density between $\sim10^{16}$ and $>10^{21}\rm\,cm^{-2}$ for individual HI clouds. In addition, we reproduce the trend between cold gas fraction and average $\rm T_s$ found by synthetic observations of a hydrodynamic ISM simulation by Kim et al. (2014). Finally, we investigate methods for estimating HI $\rm T_s$ and discuss their biases.

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