Marcello Ortaggio, Alena Pravdová
We summarize the fall-off of electromagnetic and gravitational fields in n>5 dimensional Ricci-flat spacetimes along an asympotically expanding non-singular geodesic null congruence.
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In this review paper we investigate the connection between gravity and electromagnetism from Faraday to the present day. The particular focus is on the connection between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We discuss electromagnetic radiation produced when a gravitational wave passes through a magnetic field. We then discuss the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with gravitational waves via Feynman diagrams of the process $graviton + graviton \to photon + photon$. Finally we review recent work on the vacuum production of counterpart electromagnetic radiation by gravitational w…
A unified approach to the study of classical and quantum spin in external fields is developed. Understanding the dynamics of particles with spin and dipole moments in arbitrary gravitational, inertial and electromagnetic fields is important in astrophysics and high-energy and heavy-ion experimental physics.
It is important to re-examine some of the interactions of gravitational waves with matter due to the recent discovery of the waves in LIGO. In a previous paper with Morales, interaction of gravitational waves was studied with scalar and neutrino fields in Minkowski space-time. In this paper, we find that electromagnetic waves have a similar interaction with gravitational wave in a flat background, and we comment on the implications of this for a gravitational wave detector. Primordial gravitational waves were generated in the early universe and thus it is important to study interaction of the …
Classical radiation fields for scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational waves with spacetime-symmetry breaking
本文在有效场论框架下研究时空对称性破缺对电磁波和引力波产生的影响，通过求解修正的各向异性波动方程，得到了标量与电磁辐射场及引力辐射的部分结果，并发现引力波中出现与破缺系数成正比的纵向和呼吸极化。
Conversion of gravitational and electromagnetic waves without any external background fields
本文利用简单调和映射方法研究柱对称爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦系统，得到无背景场下引力波与电磁波强非线性相互作用的精确解，并证明通过调节参数可在对称轴附近实现两者的大规模转换。
In this paper we employ the results of a previous paper on the late-time decay of scalar-field perturbations of an extreme Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, in order to find the late-time decay of coupled electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations of this black hole. We explicitly write the late-time tails of Moncrief's gauge invariant variables and of the perturbations of the metric tensor and the electromagnetic field tensor in the Regge-Wheeler gauge. We discuss some of the consequences of the results and relations to previous works.
We provide a proof of the necessary and sufficient condition on the profile of the temperature, chemical potential, and angular velocity for a charged perfect fluid in dynamic equilibrium to be in thermodynamic equilibrium not only in fixed but also in dynamical electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In passing, we also present the corresponding expression for the first law of thermodynamics for such a charged star.
Gravitational redshifts in electromagnetic bursts occuring near Schwarzschild horizon
早先有人提出，当后向散射的影响很强时，引力红移公式可能无效。这里数值地证明，对于一个示例性的电磁脉冲，即：i）最初非常接近史瓦西黑洞的视界，ii）强烈地反向散射，平均频率不服从标准的红移公式。红移似乎取决于频率，并且在出射辐射中表现出后向散射引起的蓝移。
After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the gravitational electromagnetic system with the Lagrangian $\math{L}(g_{ab}, R_{abcd}, F_{ab})$. Firstly, we calculate the Noether charge and the variational identity in this theory, and then generically derive the first law of thermodynamics for an asymptotically flat stationary axisymmetrical symmetric black hole without the requirement that the electromagn…
Interaction between linear polarized plane gravitational waves and a plane electromagnetic wave in the electromagnetic-gravity analogue
本文利用电磁-引力类比模型，通过时域有限差分法数值研究线偏振平面引力波与平面电磁波的相互作用，发现引力波可诱导无限多个等间距边带，并提出该效应有望成为直接探测引力波的新方法。
We investigate the possibility of observing very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic radiation produced from the vacuum by gravitational waves. We review the calculations leading to the possibility of vacuum conversion of gravitational waves into electromagnetic waves and show how this process evades the well-known prohibition against particle production from gravitational waves. Using Newman-Penrose scalars, we estimate the luminosity of this proposed electromagnetic counterpart radiation coming from gravitational waves produced by neutron star oscillations. The detection of electromagnetic c…
Gravitational and electromagnetic fields near a de Sitter-like infinity
我们提出了一个一般的引力和电磁场附近的德西特类共形无穷大的补充标准剥离行为的表征。这是基于一个明确的评价的依赖性的辐射分量的领域上的零方向，从无穷大接近。它表明，辐射的方向图具有由代数（彼得罗夫）型的时空所决定的普适性质。具体地，辐射场沿与主零方向相反的方向消失。
Quasi-Normal Modes of Schwarzschild Anti-De Sitter Black Holes: Electromagnetic and Gravitational Perturbations
研究了渐近反德西特时空中Schwarzschild黑洞电磁扰动和引力扰动的准正规模。一些电磁模式不振荡，它们只衰减，因为它们具有纯虚频率。引力模表现出特殊的特征：奇引力扰动和偶引力扰动不再具有相同的特征准正规频率。奇微扰有一种特殊的模式，它的行为完全不同于AdS时空中标量和电磁微扰的通常行为，但与渐近平坦时空中的史瓦西黑洞有相似的行为：频率的虚部为1/r+，其中r+是视界半径。我们还研究了小黑洞的极限，表明频率的虚部为r +^2。这些结果对于AdS/CFT猜想是重要的，因为根据它，QNM描述了共形场论中平衡的方法。
The direct detection of gravitational waves crowns decades of efforts in the modelling of sources and of increasing detectors' sensitivity. With future third-generation Earth-based detectors or space-based observatories, gravitational-wave astronomy will be at its full bloom. Previously brushed-aside questions on environmental or other systematic effects in the generation and propagation of gravitational waves are now begging for a systematic treatment. Here, we study how electromagnetic and gravitational radiation is scattered by a binary system. Scattering cross-sections, resonances and the …
We give the Lagrangian formulation of a generic non-minimally extended Einstein-Maxwell theory with an action that is linear in the curvature and quadratic in the electromagnetic field. We derive the coupled field equations by a first order variational principle using the method of Lagrange multipliers. We look for solutions describing plane-fronted Einstein-Maxwell waves with parallel rays. We give a family of exact solutions associated with a partially massless spin-2 photon and a partially massive spin-2 graviton.
Quasi-normal modes of toroidal, cylindrical and planar black holes in anti-de Sitter spacetimes: scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations
研究了广义相对论中视界为环、柱或平面拓扑的黑洞在渐近反德西特时空中标量、电磁和引力扰动的准正规模。相关的准正规频率描述了黑洞附近相应测试场随时间的衰减。根据AdS/CFT猜想，频率的倒数是相应的共形场论接近热平衡的动力学时标的量度。
Covariant eigenmode overlap formalism for gravitational wave signals in electromagnetic cavities
本文提出了一种描述引力波与电磁腔相互作用的协变本征模重叠形式，用于高频率引力波实验中的数值模拟。
Unification of Electromagnetic Interactions and Gravitational Interactions
本文讨论了引力相互作用和电磁相互作用的统一理论。基于规范原理，将电磁相互作用和引力相互作用统一到U（1）Abel规范群和引力规范群的半直积群中.
Solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for gravitationally interacting electromagnetic and scalar fields
Parry、Salopek和Stewart最近发展了生成泛函的空间梯度展开，用于求解引力相互作用尘埃场和标量场的Einstein-Hamilton-Jacobi理论中的Hamilton约束。这种展开在这里被用来推导一个序的解决方案的引力相互作用的电磁场和标量场的哈密顿约束。一个保角变换和功能的积分被用来获得生成功能的四阶空间梯度。给出了具有标量场的平坦Friedmann-Robertson-Walker宇宙学在空间梯度中的二阶扰动。这种形式主义的应用表现在指数潜力的具体例子。
Spacetime deployments parametrized by gravitational and electromagnetic fields
基于广义相对论的“精确”等价原理，我们考虑了具有共形不变物理性质的时空。然后，应用Pfaff理论PDE一个特定的共形等变微分方程组，我们明确的依赖任何一种功能描述的“时空部署”，对n（n+1）参数化功能，表示n的时空维度。这些函数，出现在一个线性微分斯宾塞序列和确定规范场的时空变形相对于“substrat时空”，可以一贯归因于统一的电磁场和引力场，在任何时空维度n大于或等于4。
Long Distance Effects in Mixed Electromagnetic-Gravitational Scattering
利用有效场论方法研究了电磁-引力混合散射中的长程效应。最近的计算产生了不同的结果，这种影响进行了检查和纠正。我们考虑各种自旋配置的散射粒子，并发现，关于自旋依赖性的普遍性得到与预期一致。
We present an electromagnetic analog of gravitational wave memory. That is, we consider what change has occurred to a detector of electromagnetic radiation after the wave has passed. Rather than a distortion in the detector, as occurs in the gravitational wave case, we find a residual velocity (a "kick") to the charges in the detector. In analogy with the two types of gravitational wave memory ("ordinary" and "nonlinear") we find two types of electromagnetic kick.
The generalization of electromagnetic and gravitational hopfions is performed in terms of a complex scalar field. New definition of topological charge for linearized gravity is given. Quasi-local (super-)energy densities are compared for gravitational hopfion.
We investigate the generation of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation in the vicinity of a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole. The gravitational perturbations and the electromagnetic field are studied by solving the Teukolsky master equation with sources, which we take to be locally charged, radially infalling, matter. Our results show that, in addition to the gravitational wave generated as the matter falls into the black hole, there is also a burst of electromagnetic radiation. This electromagnetic field has a characteristic set of quasinormal frequencies, and the gravitational radiat…
Gravitational and electromagnetic fields of a charged tachyon
本文给出了Einstein-麦克斯韦方程组的轴对称精确解，并解释了带电快子的引力场和电磁场。关闭电荷参数产生的解决方案，为不带电的快子，这是较早获得的Vaidya。讨论了带电快子的零面。
A description is made of the process of excitation of coupled longitudinal-transverse gravitational waves during the propagation of a strong electromagnetic wave in a vacuum and when a standing electromagnetic wave exists in the Fabry-Perot resonator. It is shown that such waves lead to the appearance of transverse gravitational waves in empty space. It was established that two standing high-frequency electromagnetic waves in a Fabry-Perot resonator with close frequencies cause the appearance of a low-frequency transverse gravitational wave in empty space.
An exact analytical model of the process of collision and nonlinear interaction of gravitational and/or electromagnetic soliton wave and strong non-soliton electromagnetic traveling wave of arbitrary profile propagating in the expanding universe (the symmetric Kasner spacetime) is presented. In contrast to intuitive expectations that rather strong traveling waves can destroy the soliton, it occurs that the soliton survives during its interaction with electromagnetic wave of arbitrary amplitude and profile, but its parameters begin to evolve under the influence of this interaction. If a traveli…
We demonstrate how plane fronted waves with colliding wave fronts are the asymptotic limit of spherical electromagnetic and gravitational waves. In the case of the electromagnetic waves we utilize Bateman's representation of radiative solutions of Maxwell's vacuum field equations. The gravitational case involves a novel form of the radiative Robinson--Trautman solutions of Einstein's vacuum field equations.
Precession of a particle with anomalous magnetic moment in electromagnetic and gravitational pp-wave fields
本文给出了外电磁场和引力pp波场中自旋粒子动力学的Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi（BMT）方程的精确解。我们证明了一个反常的磁矩会产生一个额外的自旋旋转，它是由电磁波和引力波周期调制的。
Strong gravitational force induced by static electromagnetic fields
有人认为，静态电场或磁场诱导Weyl-Majumdar-Papapetrou解决方案的度规的时空。它们的引力加速度包括一个比通常的微扰项强许多数量级的项。它产生了许多可以通过实验检测到的影响。四个静电和四个静磁的物理设置与简单的对称性的例子。描述了质量源进入并使纯电磁图像复杂化的不同方式。
Low-frequency gravitational waves coupled with electromagnetic waves in material media
研究低频引力波与电磁波在材料介质中的耦合效应及其对测试质量的影响，揭示了特定条件下耦合引力波振幅与外部天体物理源引力波的关系。
A theoretical description of electromagnetic waves in the background of a (weak) gravitational wave is presented. Explicit expressions are obtained for the Stokes parameters during the passage of a plane-fronted gravitational wave described by the Ehlers-Kundt metric. In particular, it is shown that the axis of the polarization ellipse oscillates, its ellipticity remaining constant.
Generalized Alignment of Gravitational Intencities and Electromagnetic Strengths in Kerr-Newman Space-Time
结果表明，在Kerr-Newman时空情形下，复电磁强度E + iH与类复引力场强度具有共同的复空间方向.
Gravitational Analog of the Electromagnetic Poynting Vector
利用广义相对论的场方程，在希尔伯特规范下构造了电磁坡印廷矢量的引力模拟。发现将引力坡印廷矢量应用于线性质量四极振子的解时，得到了正确的引力四极辐射通量。此外，类麦克斯韦引力坡印廷矢量产生了爱因斯坦的四极辐射公式。所得到的引力能动量（赝）张量是对称的、无迹的。前一个性质允许定义自由引力场的角动量。
Wave propagation of field disturbances is ubiquitous. The electromagnetic and gravitational are cousin theories in which the corresponding waves play a relevant role to understand several related physical. It has been established that small electromagnetic waves can generate gravitational waves and vice versa when scattered by a charged black hole. In the realm of cylindrical spacetimes, we present here a simple nonlinear effect of the conversion of electromagnetic to gravitational waves reflected by the amount of mass extracted from them.
Search For Gravitational Waves Through the Electromagnetic Faraday Rotation
本文给出了一种间接探测强引力波的方法。根据广义相对论，这是基于线性极化电磁冲击波从（与）交叉极化脉冲和冲击引力波的反射（碰撞）。这种高度非线性的过程在电磁场的偏振矢量中引起可检测的法拉第旋转。
Reflection of electromagnetic waves from mixtures of plane gravitational and scalar waves
我们考虑碰撞波包组成的电磁，引力和标量波的混合物。不考虑标量场，电磁波仍然从引力波反射。对于类库仑分量$Ψ_2$为零的包的不同选择，给出了一些反射过程。本文给出了连续脉冲引力波多次反射电磁波的封闭形式的精确解。结果表明，麦克斯韦旋量的符号翻转是由于遇到一个脉冲训练（即狄拉克梳曲率）的引力波。这种可观测到的效应可能有助于探测引力波爆发。
On the gravitational field induced by static electromagnetic sources
有人认为，静态电磁源诱导Weyl-Majumdar-Papapetrou解决方案的时空度规。在这种场中的加速度有一个比通常的微扰项强许多数量级的项。两个静电和两个静磁的例子。
We present the derivation and the solutions to the coupled electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations with sources in a charged black hole background. We work in the so called ghost gauge and consider as source of the perturbations the infall of radial currents. In this way, we study a system in which it is provoked a response involving both, gravitational and electromagnetic waves, which allows us to analyze the dependence between them. We solve numerically the wave equations that describe both signals, characterize the waveforms and study the relation between the input parameters of the…
Gravitational waves from astrophysical sources can interact with background electromagnetic fields, giving rise to distinctive and potentially detectable electromagnetic signatures. In this paper, we study such interactions for far-field gravitational radiation using the 1+3 approach to relativity. Linearised equations for the electromagnetic field on perturbed Minkowski space are derived and solved analytically. The inverse Gertsenshtein conversion of gravitational waves in a static electromagnetic field is rederived, and the resultant electromagnetic radiation is shown to be significant for …
Mode-coupling in rotating gravitational collapse: Gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations
我们考虑了在现实的{\it旋转}克尔时空中{ \it引力}和电磁扰动的晚期演化。本文详细分析了旋转引力坍缩中的模耦合现象。这种现象的一个后果是，后期的尾巴是占主导地位的模式，在一般情况下，可能有一个角分布不同于原来的。此外，我们表明，不同类型的字段有{ \it不同}的衰减率。这一结果推翻了传统的看法（在过去的三十年里，这一看法被广泛接受），即引力坍缩的晚期尾部是普遍存在的。
Fundamental equations for the gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations of a charged black hole
给出了带电黑洞的引力和电磁扰动的一对波动方程。其中一个方程是解耦的，并确定电磁扰动的传播。另一个是传播的主要零方向的剪切，并有一个源项由第一个方程的解决方案。这一结果有望在天体物理模型中得到重要应用。
We develop a gauge theory of the combined gravitational-electromagnetic field by expanding the Poincaré group to include clock synchronization transformations. We show that the electromagnetic field can be interpreted as a local gauge theory of the synchrony group. According to this interpretation, the electromagnetic field equations possess nonlinear terms and electromagnetic gauge transformations acquire a space-time interpretation as local synchrony transformations. The free Lagrangian for the fields leads to the usual Einstein-Maxwell field equations with additional gravitational-electroma…
Based on the relationship between proper distance and coordinate distance, the geometrical phenomenon caused by the passing gravitational waves can not be observed locally. The electromagnetic wave equations in the background gravitational waves are studied. We find that the expansion and contraction of wave lengths are always synchronous with the objects it measures. The background of the gravitational waves leads to dissipation and dispersion in the propagation of electromagnetic wave. The phase of the gravitational waves control the dissipation term and dispersion term in the telegrapher's …
Backscattering of electromagnetic and gravitational waves off Schwarzschild geometry
SEC的重大变化。第二章（更强的估计），其余章节略有改动，新标题。附录，增加了2个新参考文献。
Observational signatures of an electromagnetic overcritical gravitational collapse
我们提出的光谱，时间和强度签名的电磁辐射发射过程中的恒星核心的引力坍缩的黑洞，在此期间，电磁场强度上升超过$e^+e^-$对创建的临界值的理论预测。这引力坍缩的最后阶段进行了研究，导致形成一个黑洞的亚临界电磁场，可能与零电荷，和一个传出的脉冲最初光学厚$e^+e^-$ -光子等离子体。这种脉冲在$10^2$ -$10^4$的洛伦兹伽马因子下达到透明。我们在发出的电磁信号中发现了一个清晰的特征，从软频谱漂移到硬频谱，在非常精确的时间尺度上，具有非常特定的强度调制。这些理论结果的理解短伽马射线暴的相关性进行了概述。
On a Theory for Nonminimal Gravitational-Electromagnetic Coupling Consistent with Observational Data
讨论了用引力场与电磁场的非最小耦合来解释种子原生磁场的观点。旋涡星系的磁场的预测值与观测值是一致的。
The interaction between gravitational and electromagnetic waves in the presence of a static magnetic field is studied. The field strength of the static field is allowed to surpass the Schwinger critical field, such that the quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects of vacuum polarization and magnetization are significant. Equations governing the interaction are derived and analyzed. It turns out that the energy conversion from gravitational to electromagnetic waves can be significantly altered due to the QED effects. The consequences of our results are discussed.
Gravitational perturbations of neutron stars and black holes are well known sources of gravitational radiation. If the compact object is immersed in or endowed with a magnetic field, the gravitational perturbations would couple to electromagnetic perturbations and potentially trigger synergistic electromagnetic signatures. We present a detailed analytic calculation of the dynamics of coupled gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations for both neutron stars and black holes. We discuss the prospects for detecting the electromagnetic waves in these scenarios and the potential that these wave…
We discuss the possibility to obtain an electromagnetic emission accompanying the gravitational waves emitted in the coalescence of a compact binary system. Motivated by the existence of black hole configurations with open magnetic field lines along the rotation axis, we consider a magnetic dipole in the system, the evolution of which leads to (i) electromagnetic radiation, and (ii) a contribution to the gravitational radiation, the luminosity of both being evaluated. Starting from the observations on magnetars, we impose upper limits for both the electromagnetic emission and the contribution …
In addition to producing loud gravitational waves (GW), the dynamics of a binary black hole system could induce emission of electromagnetic (EM) radiation by affecting the behavior of plasmas and electromagnetic fields in their vicinity. We here study how the electromagnetic fields are affected by a pair of orbiting black holes through the merger. In particular, we show how the binary's dynamics induce a variability in possible electromagnetically induced emissions as well as an enhancement of electromagnetic fields during the late-merge and merger epochs. These time dependent features will li…
Resonant Scattering of Gravitational Waves With Electromagnetic Waves
本文通过广义相对论中Einstein Maxwell时空的精确解，证明在参数共振条件下电磁场与引力波相互作用会产生Liapounov不稳定性，导致引力波指数放大，展示了产生类似脉冲激光的强引力波束的可行性。
We present a unified investigation of memory effect in Einstein-Maxwell theory. We specify two types of memory effect, a velocity kick and a position displacement, by examining the motion of a single free falling charged test particle. Our result recovers the two known gravitational memory effect formulas and the two known electromagnetic memory effect formulas.
Non-minimal coupling for the gravitational and electromagnetic fields: A general system of equations
建立了一个新的引力场和电磁场的自洽方程组。该程序是基于标准爱因斯坦-希尔伯特-麦克斯韦作用的非最小非线性扩展。讨论了一类三参数非极小线性模型的一般性质。此外，我们还明确地证明了，当磁化率张量与双对偶黎曼张量成正比时，静态球对称带电物体可以用度规导数的二阶非极小模型来描述
The quasinormal modes of the electromagnetic and gravitational perturbation on Schwarzschild-AdS black hole calculated by Cardoso and Lemos has been revisited. Although the equations of motion are correct some frequencies calculated previously by the authors are not. We present the new values of quasinormal modes and discuss the possible sources of problems and implications on the conclusions presented.
Electromagnetic Antennas for the Resonant Detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
本文研究共振电磁腔对近100 MHz随机引力波背景的频率灵敏度，提出探测其截止频率和频谱能量密度的方法。
We argue that if particularly powerful electromagnetic afterglows of the gravitational waves bursts will be observed in the future, this could be used as a strong observational support for some suggested quantum alternatives for black holes (e.g., firewalls and gravastars). A universal absence of powerful afterglows should be taken as a suggestive argument against such hypothetical quantum-gravity objects.
We derive the equations for the odd and even parity perturbations of coupled electromagnetic and gravitational fields of a black hole with an electric charge within the context of general nonlinear electrodynamics. The Lagrangian density is a generic function of the Lorentz invariant scalar quantities of the electromagnetic fields. We include the Hodge dual of the electromagnetic field tensor and the cosmological constant in our calculations. For each type of parity, we reduce the system of Einstein field equations coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics to two coupled Schrödinger-type wave equat…
We compute the modified friction coefficient controlling the propagation of tensor metric perturbations in the context of a generalized cosmological scenario based on a theory of gravity with quadratic curvature corrections. In such a context we discuss the differences between gravitational and electromagnetic luminosity distance, as well as the differences with the standard results based on the Einstein equations. We present numerical estimates of the modified luminosity distance on the cosmic redshift scale typical of Supernovae and standard sirens.
More Nonlinearities? Electromagnetic and Gravitational Mode Mixing in NSBH Mergers
本文研究NSBH并合中电磁场对引力波信号的影响，通过黑洞微扰理论证明电磁QNMs可激发线性和二次引力QNMs，为未来数值探测此类模式奠定基础。
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