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arXiv 1502.05745cs.DC
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基于多对数状态的种群协议中的多周期时间领导者选举

Polylogarithmic-Time Leader Election in Population Protocols Using Polylogarithmic States

Dan Alistarh, Rati Gelashvili

摘要:

人口协议是有限状态代理的网络,随机交互,并使用简单的规则更新它们的状态。尽管它们极其简单,但这些系统已被证明可以协同执行复杂的计算任务,例如模拟寄存器机器来计算标准算术函数。选举一个独特的领导者代理是一个关键的要求,在这样的计算结构。然而,目前已知的用于选举领导者的最快人口协议仅具有线性稳定时间,并且最近已经表明,没有人口协议使用每个节点的恒定数量的状态可以克服这个线性约束。本文利用多对数记忆状态,给出了具有多对数稳定时间的第一个种群首领选举协议。协议结构非常简单:每个节点都有一个相关的值,并且是领导者(仍在竞争中)或奴才(跟随某个领导者)。一个领导者不断增加自己的价值,并在一对一的互动中“击败”其他领导者,如果遇到价值更高的领导者,它就会退出竞争,成为一个奴才。重要的是,如果一个领导者遇到一个绝对值更高的奴才,他也会退出。虽然这些规则非常简单,但证明该算法实现了多对数稳定时间是不平凡的。特别是,该论点结合了集中不平等与反集中界限的谨慎使用,表明领导者的价值观随着执行的进展而分散,这反过来又意味着落后的领导者很快就会被淘汰。我们补充我们的分析与实证结果表明,我们的协议稳定非常快,即使是大的网络规模。

英文摘要:

Population protocols are networks of finite-state agents, interacting randomly, and updating their states using simple rules. Despite their extreme simplicity, these systems have been shown to cooperatively perform complex computational tasks, such as simulating register machines to compute standard arithmetic functions. The election of a unique leader agent is a key requirement in such computational constructions. Yet, the fastest currently known population protocol for electing a leader only has linear stabilization time, and, it has recently been shown that no population protocol using a constant number of states per node may overcome this linear bound. In this paper, we give the first population protocol for leader election with polylogarithmic stabilization time, using polylogarithmic memory states per node. The protocol structure is quite simple: each node has an associated value, and is either a leader (still in contention) or a minion (following some leader). A leader keeps incrementing its value and "defeats" other leaders in one-to-one interactions, and will drop from contention and become a minion if it meets a leader with higher value. Importantly, a leader also drops out if it meets a minion with higher absolute value. While these rules are quite simple, the proof that this algorithm achieves polylogarithmic stabilization time is non-trivial. In particular, the argument combines careful use of concentration inequalities with anti-concentration bounds, showing that the leaders' values become spread apart as the execution progresses, which in turn implies that straggling leaders get quickly eliminated. We complement our analysis with empirical results, showing that our protocol stabilizes extremely fast, even for large network sizes.

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