超新星1987 A高速H-α和莱曼-α辐射的测绘
Mapping High-velocity H-alpha and Lyman-alpha Emission from Supernova 1987A
摘要：
本文给出了SN~ 1987 A外层碎片中高速H-$α$和Lyman-$α$辐射的新的{ \it Hubble Space Telescope}图像。H-$α$图像主要是由穿过反向激波的氢原子发射的.我们第一次观察到发射的反向激波表面以及上面和下面的赤道环，这表明一个双极或锥形结构垂直于环平面。利用H-$α$成像技术，我们测量了穿过反向激波阵面的氢原子在速度区间内的质量通量（$-$ 7，500 ~ $<$ ~ $V_{obs}$ ~ $<$ ~ $-$ 2，800 km s $^{-1}$）和（1，000 ~ $<$ ~ $V_{obs}$ ~ $<$ ~ 7，500 km s $^{-1}$），$\dot{M_{H}}$ = 1.2~ $\times$ ~10 $^{-3}$ M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$。我们还提出了第一个莱曼- $α$成像的整个遗迹和新的$Chandra$ X射线观察。比较Lyman-PDMATHAMN和X射线发射的空间分布，我们观察到，大部分的高速Lyman-PDMATHAMN发射起源于赤道环内部。观测到的Lyman-$α$/H-$α$光子比，$\langle$ $R(Lα/ Hα)$ $\rangle$ $\approx$ ~17，明显高于理论预测的中性原子穿过反向激波阵面时的比率$\approx$ 5.我们把这种过剩归因于X射线加热外层碎片产生的莱曼-PDMATHAMN辐射。Lyman-$α$的空间方位和X射线发射表明，X射线加热外层碎片是SN 1987 A在其演化的这一阶段产生Lyman-$α$的主要机制。
英文摘要：
We present new {\it Hubble Space Telescope} images of high-velocity H-$α$ and Lyman-$α$ emission in the outer debris of SN~1987A. The H-$α$ images are dominated by emission from hydrogen atoms crossing the reverse shock. For the first time we observe emission from the reverse shock surface well above and below the equatorial ring, suggesting a bipolar or conical structure perpendicular to the ring plane. Using the H$α$ imaging, we measure the mass flux of hydrogen atoms crossing the reverse shock front, in the velocity intervals ($-$7,500~$<$~$V_{obs}$~$<$~$-$2,800 km s$^{-1}$) and (1,000~$<$~$V_{obs}$~$<$~7,500 km s$^{-1}$), $\dot{M_{H}}$ = 1.2~$\times$~10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. We also present the first Lyman-$α$ imaging of the whole remnant and new $Chandra$ X-ray observations. Comparing the spatial distribution of the Lyman-$α$ and X-ray emission, we observe that the majority of the high-velocity Lyman-$α$ emission originates interior to the equatorial ring. The observed Lyman-$α$/H-$α$ photon ratio, $\langle$$R(Lα/ Hα)$$\rangle$ $\approx$~17, is significantly higher than the theoretically predicted ratio of $\approx$ 5 for neutral atoms crossing the reverse shock front. We attribute this excess to Lyman-$α$ emission produced by X-ray heating of the outer debris. The spatial orientation of the Lyman-$α$ and X-ray emission suggests that X-ray heating of the outer debris is the dominant Lyman-$α$ production mechanism in SN 1987A at this phase in its evolution.
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