This paper presents a new approach for hyper-local data sharing and delivery on the base of discoverable Bluetooth nodes. Our approach allows customers to associate user-defined data with network nodes and use a special mobile application (context-aware browser) for presenting this information to mobile users in proximity. Alternatively, mobile services can request and share local data in M2M applications rely on network proximity. Bluetooth nodes in cars are among the best candidates for the role of the bearing nodes.
Bluetooth is a promising short-range radio network technology. We present a low cost and easily deployed, scalable infrastructure for indoor location-based computing of mobile devices based on Bluetooth technology. The system consists of 2 main components, namely the Bluetooth (BT) Sensor System and the Central Navigation System which have been developed using the JDK 6.0. The Bluetooth Sensor System allows mobile devices whose Bluetooth mode is set to discoverable, to be scanned and detected, and they receive customizable text message of their positioning information, e.g. room identity. The …
Network jammers can uncover the reliability of the wireless networks, where the position of the jammer node permit the network to cope with jamming leveraging varieties of defence strategies. Wireless Bluetooth network is a short range network, where the Bluetooth transceiver is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) radio band, and a special type of frequency hopping pattern was included with the specification of the Bluetooth technology to offer the necessity requirement for the matching Radio Frequency RF channels. This paper calculates and evaluates the effect of…
The Bluetooth protocol can be used for intervehicle communication equipped with Bluetooth devices. This work investigates the challenges and feasibility of developing intelligent driving system providing timesensitive information about traffic conditions and roadside facilities. The architecture for collaborative vehicle communication system is presented using the concepts of wireless networks and Bluetooth protocol. We discuss how vehicles can form mobile ad-hoc networks and exchange data by the on-board Bluetooth sensors. The key design concepts of the intelligent driving service infrastruct…
The BLEBeacon dataset is a collection of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertisement packets/traces generated from BLE beacons carried by people following their daily routine inside a university building. A network of Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi)-based edge devices were deployed inside a multi-floor facility continuously gathering BLE advertisement packets and storing them in a cloud-based environment. The data were collected during an IRB (Institutional Review Board forhe Protection of Human Subjects in Research) approved one-month trial. Each facility occupant/participant was handed a BLE beacon to car…
Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory, Toshiba Europe Ltd.（东芝欧洲有限公司布里斯托尔研究与创新实验室）
Mobile robots have disrupted the material handling industry which is witnessing radical changes. The requirement for enhanced automation across various industry segments often entails mobile robotic systems operating in logistics facilities with little/no infrastructure. In such environments, out-of-box low-cost robotic solutions are desirable. Wireless connectivity plays a crucial role in successful operation of such mobile robotic systems. A wireless mesh network of mobile robots is an attractive solution; however, a number of system-level challenges create unique and stringent service requi…
Bluetooth is developed for short range communication. Bluetooth Devices are normally having low power and low cost. This is a wireless communication technology designed to connect phones, laptops and PDAs. The greater availability of portable devices with Bluetooth connectivity imposes wireless connection between enabled devices. On an average the range of Bluetooth devices is about 10 meters. The basic limitation of the Bluetooth communication is this range limitation. In this paper I have studied the limitations of Bluetooth communication and consider range constraint as the major limitation…
Mobile devices have shown to be very useful during and post disaster. If the communication infrastructure breaks down, however, they become almost useless as most services rely on Internet connectivity. Building post-disaster networks based purely on smartphones remains a challenging task, and, as of today, no practical solutions exist. The rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) offers the possibility to improve this situation. With an increase in smart spaces such as smart homes and smart offices, we move towards digital cities that are deeply penetrated by IoT technology. Many IoT devices …
Detailed understanding of multi-modal mobility patterns within urban areas is crucial for public infrastructure planning, transportation management, and designing public transport (PT) services centred on users' needs. Yet, even with the rise of ubiquitous computing, sensing urban mobility patterns in a timely fashion remains a challenge. Traditional data sources fail to fully capture door-to-door trajectories and rely on a set of models and assumptions to fill their gaps. This study focuses on a new type of data source that is collected through the mobile ticketing app of HSL, the local PT op…
The advent of Bluetooth wireless technology makes it possible to transmit real-time audio in mobile devices. Bluetooth is cost-efficient and power-efficient, but it is not suitable for traditional audio encoding and real-time streaming due to limited bandwidth, high degree of error rates, and the time-varying nature of the radio link. Therefore, audio streaming over Bluetooth poses problems such as guzzling of both power and bandwidth. In order to overcome the above mentioned problems, an algorithm is proposed in this work to optimize the audio stream from the source to the sink by estimating …
Traditionally, Bluetooth has been deemed unsuitable for sustaining a large-scale multi-hop network. There are two main reasons: severe frequency channel collisions under a large-scale network and high complexity of designing an efficient formation protocol. In this work, we reconsider this viewpoint from a practical usability perspective and aim to realize the buried potential of Bluetooth. Firstly, we find that the collision probability under a low-overhead network is fairly small, which is acceptable for practical applications. Secondly, we propose BlueSky, a complete system solution to prov…
The density of mobile phones has increased rapidly in recent years. One drawback of the current mobile telephone technology is that it forces all the calls to go through cellular base stations even if the caller and the callee are within the radio range of each other. Hybrid cellular networks and Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) have been proposed as solutions that enable mobile phone users to bypass cellular base stations. However, these technologies either require special hardware or in some cases have to rely on the service providers. We identified that most of the Commodity-off-the-Shelf mob…
A Bluetooth finder is a small battery-powered device that can be attached to important items such as bags, keychains, or bikes. The finder maintains a Bluetooth connection with the user's phone, and the user is notified immediately on connection loss. We provide the first comprehensive security and privacy analysis of current commercial Bluetooth finders. Our analysis reveals several significant security vulnerabilities in those products concerning mobile applications and the corresponding backend services in the cloud. We also show that all analyzed cloud-based products leak more private data…
Increasing storage sizes and WiFi/Bluetooth capabilities of mobile devices have made them a good platform for opportunistic content sharing. In this work we propose a network model to study this in a setting with two characteristics: 1. delay tolerant; 2. lack of infrastructure. Mobile users generate requests and opportunistically download from other users they meet, via Bluetooth or WiFi. The difference in popularity of different web content induces a non-uniform request distribution, which is usually a Zipf's law distribution. We evaluate the performance of different caching schemes and deri…
A new technique is presented to design energy-efficient large-scale tracking systems based on mobile clustering. The new technique optimizes the formation of mobile clusters to minimize energy consumption in large-scale tracking systems. This technique can be used in large public gatherings with high crowd density and continuous mobility. Utilizing both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies in smart phones, the technique tracks the movement of individuals in a large crowd within a specific area, and monitors their current locations and health conditions. The new system has several advantages, inclu…
Mobile applications are being developed for automated logging of contacts via Bluetooth to help scale up digital contact tracing efforts in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A useful component of such applications is inter-device distance estimation, which can be formulated as a network localization problem. We survey several approaches and evaluate the performance of each on real and simulated Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) measurement datasets with respect to both distance estimate accuracy and the proximity detection problem. We investigate the effects of obstructions like pockets, …
We report on measurements of Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) received signal strength taken on mobile handsets in a variety of common, real-world settings. We note that a key difficulty is obtaining the ground truth as to when people are in close proximity to one another. Knowledge of this ground truth is important for accurately evaluating the accuracy with which contact events are detected by Bluetooth LE. We approach this by adopting a scenario-based approach. In summary, we find that the Bluetooth LE received signal strength can vary substantially depending on the relative orientation of handset…
School and College campuses face a perceived threat of violent crimes and require a realistic plan against unpredictable emergencies and disasters. Existing emergency systems (e.g., 911, campus-wide alerts) are quite useful, but provide delayed response (often tens of minutes) and do not utilize proximity or locality. There is a need to augment such systems with proximity-based systems for more immediate response to attempt to prevent and deter crime. In this paper we propose SHIELD, an on-campus emergency rescue and alert management service. It is a fully distributed infrastructure-less platf…
We model the mobility of mobile phone users to study the fundamental spreading patterns characterizing a mobile virus outbreak. We find that while Bluetooth viruses can reach all susceptible handsets with time, they spread slowly due to human mobility, offering ample opportunities to deploy antiviral software. In contrast, viruses utilizing multimedia messaging services could infect all users in hours, but currently a phase transition on the underlying call graph limits them to only a small fraction of the susceptible users. These results explain the lack of a major mobile virus breakout so fa…
We investigate a type of emerging user-assisted mobile applications or services, referred to as Dynamic Mobile Ad-hoc Crowd Service (DMACS), such as collaborative streaming via smartphones or location privacy protection through a crowd of smartphone users. Such services are provided and consumed by users carrying smart mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) who are in close proximity of each other (e.g., within Bluetooth range). Users in a DMACS system dynamically arrive and depart over time, and are divided into multiple possibly overlapping groups according to radio range constraints. Crucial to…
Heterogeneous Networks is the integration of all existing networks under a single environment with an understanding between the functional operations and also includes the ability to make use of multiple broadband transport technologies and to support generalized mobility. It is a challenging feature for Heterogeneous networks to integrate several IP-based access technologies in a seamless way. The focus of this paper is on the requirements of a mobility management scheme for multimedia real-time communication services - Mobile Video Conferencing. Nowadays, the range of available wireless acce…
Offloading traffic through opportunistic communications has been recently proposed as a way to relieve the current overload of cellular networks. Opportunistic communication can occur when mobile device users are (temporarily) in each other's proximity, such that the devices can establish a local peer-to-peer connection (e.g., via Bluetooth). Since opportunistic communication is based on the spontaneous mobility of the participants, it is inherently unreliable. This poses a serious challenge to the design of any cellular offloading solutions, that must meet the applications' requirements. In t…
Over the past decade, online social networks (OSNs) such as Twitter and Facebook have thrived and experienced rapid growth to over 1 billion users. A major evolution would be to leverage the characteristics of OSNs to evaluate the effectiveness of the many routing schemes developed by the research community in real-world scenarios. In this demo, we showcase AlleyOop Social, a secure delay tolerant networking research platform that serves as a real-life mobile social networking application for iOS devices. AlleyOop Social allows users to interact, publish messages, and discover others that shar…
Malicious mobile phone worms spread between devices via short-range Bluetooth contacts, similar to the propagation of human and other biological viruses. Recent work has employed models from epidemiology and complex networks to analyse the spread of malware and the effect of patching specific nodes. These approaches have adopted a static view of the mobile networks, i.e., by aggregating all the edges that appear over time, which leads to an approximate representation of the real interactions: instead, these networks are inherently dynamic and the edge appearance and disappearance is highly inf…
Mobile multi-hop ad hoc networks allow establishing local groups of communicating devices in a self-organizing way. However, in a global setting such networks fail to work properly due to network partitioning. Providing that devices are capable of communicating both locally-e.g. using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth-and additionally also with arbitrary remote devices-e.g. using GSM/UMTS links-the objective is to find efficient ways of inter-linking multiple network partitions. Tackling this problem of topology control, we focus on the class of small-world networks that obey two distinguishing characteristi…
Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are modern types of intermittently connected networks in which mobile users communicate with each other via their short-range devices to share data among interested observers. In this setting, humans are the main carriers of mobile devices. As such, this mobility can be exploited by retrieving inherent user habits, interests, and social features for the simulation and evaluation of various scenarios. Several research challenges concerning human mobility in OppNets have been explored in the literature recently. In this paper, we present a thorough survey of huma…
Over the past decade, online social networks (OSNs) such as Twitter and Facebook have thrived and experienced rapid growth to over 1 billion users. A major evolution would be to leverage the characteristics of OSNs to evaluate the effectiveness of the many routing schemes developed by the research community in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we showcase the Secure Opportunistic Schemes (SOS) middleware which allows different routing schemes to be easily implemented relieving the burden of security and connection establishment. The feasibility of creating a delay tolerant social network is…
