大面积超快磁敏探测高能粒子新技术
A New Technique for Large-Area Detection of High Energy Particles using Ultra-Fast Magnetic Sensing
摘要：
高能粒子的级联产生短暂的电流和相关的磁场。即使是亚纳秒持续时间的磁场也可以通过将图像电流锁存在电容器上来用相对低的带宽系统检测。在加速器中，束流监测器通常采用这种技术，这种技术甚至可以用于飞秒脉冲。我们将讨论将这些仪器的尺寸扩大到100米或更大，作为一种新型的地面和空间高能粒子探测器，它可以相对便宜地探测大面积的粒子。这种新技术可用于探测和/或否决100 PeV以上的超高能宇宙射线簇射。它也可以用于寻找假设的高电荷粒子。此外，这些检测器可用于搜索任何来源的极短磁场脉冲，比其他检测器快几个数量级。
英文摘要：
Cascades from high-energy particles produce a brief current and associated magnetic fields. Even sub-nanosecond duration magnetic fields can be detected with a relatively low bandwidth system by latching image currents on a capacitor. At accelerators, this technique is employed routinely by beam-current monitors, which work for pulses even as fast as femtoseconds. We discuss scaling up these instruments in size, to 100 meters and beyond, to serve as a new kind of ground- and space-based high-energy particle detector which can instrument large areas relatively inexpensively. This new technique may be used to detect and/or veto ultra-high energy cosmic-ray showers above 100 PeV. It may also be applied to searches for hypothetical highly charged particles. In addition, these detectors may serve to search for extremely short magnetic field pulses of any origin, faster than other detectors by orders of magnitude.
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