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arXiv 1502.02838physics.atom-phhep-ph
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精密分子光谱学对额外维度的限制

Constraints on extra dimensions from precision molecular spectroscopy

E. J. Salumbides, A. N. Schellekens, B. Gato-Rivera, W. Ubachs

摘要:

分子系统中量子能级能量的精确研究为约束紧化额外维的大小提供了一个试验场。这是由于最近在中性分子氢(H $_2$、HD和D $_2$)和分子氢离子(H $_2^+$、HD $^+$和D $_2^+$)能级上使用超稳定激光的精密计量学方面取得的进展。这些分子系统的实验和量子电动力学计算之间的比较可以解释为探测大的额外维度,在这种条件下,引力将变得更强。分子是时空几何的探针,在典型的距离上,化学键是有效的,即在一个单位的长度尺度上。对额外维度的紧化半径的约束是在Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali框架内导出的,而对曲率或膜分离的约束是在Randall-Sundrum框架内导出的。基于D $_2$分子和HD $^+$离子的分子光谱,证明了7个额外维(与定义在11维中的M-理论有关)相同尺寸的紧致化尺寸仅限于$R_7 < 0.6 μ$ m.在比较基于物理学其他分支的额外维度的紧化尺寸的限制的同时,讨论了从分子方法进一步收紧约束的前景。

英文摘要:

Accurate investigations of quantum level energies in molecular systems are shown to provide a test ground to constrain the size of compactified extra dimensions. This is made possible by the recent progress in precision metrology with ultrastable lasers on energy levels in neutral molecular hydrogen (H$_2$, HD and D$_2$) and the molecular hydrogen ions (H$_2^+$, HD$^+$ and D$_2^+$). Comparisons between experiment and quantum electrodynamics calculations for these molecular systems can be interpreted in terms of probing large extra dimensions, under which conditions gravity will become much stronger. Molecules are a probe of space-time geometry at typical distances where chemical bonds are effective, i.e. at length scales of an Å. Constraints on compactification radii for extra dimensions are derived within the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali framework, while constraints for curvature or brane separation are derived within the Randall-Sundrum framework. Based on the molecular spectroscopy of D$_2$ molecules and HD$^+$ ions, the compactification size for seven extra dimensions (in connection to M-theory defined in 11 dimensions) of equal size is shown to be limited to $R_7 < 0.6 μ$m. While limits on compactification sizes of extra dimensions based on other branches of physics are compared, the prospect of further tightening constraints from the molecular method is discussed.

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