The nonperturbing experimental methods have been described, by means of which the solitary vortex structures in gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma were detected and investigated. The comparison with the experimental methods used in devices with pure electron plasma was made. The problems of shielding the electrostatic perturbations in nonneutral plasmas were considered.
The analysis of experimental investigations of equilibrium, interaction and dynamics of vortex structures in pure electron and gas-discharge electron nonneutral plasmas during the time much more than the electron-neutral collision time has been carried out. The problem of long confinement of the column of pure electron plasma in Penning-Malmberg trap is considered. The mechanism of stability of long-lived vortex structure in gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma is investigated. The collapse of electron sheath in gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma in Penning cell at high pressures of …
The results of experimental investigations of inhomogeneities of gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma obtained by using the nonperturbing experimental methods [N.A. Kervalishvili, arXiv:1502.02516 [physics.plasm-ph] (2015)] have been presented. Inhomogeneities are the dense solitary vortex structures stretched along the magnetic field, the lifetime of which is much greater than the time of electron-neutral collisions. The processes of formation, evolution and dynamics of vortex structures were studied. The periodic sequence of these processes is described for different geometries of discha…
The comparative analysis of the results of experimental investigations of the processes of formation, interaction and dynamics of vortex structures in pure electron and gas-discharge electron nonneutral plasmas taking place for the period of time much less than the electron-neutral collision time has been given. The general processes of formation and behavior of vortex structures in these two plasmas were considered. The phenomena, taking place only in one of these plasmas were also considered. It is shown that the existing difference in behavior of vortex structures is caused by different ini…
The results of experimental investigations of the ejection of electrons from gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma at interaction of vortex structures have been given. The periodical approach of vortex structures causes the ejection of electrons both from the vortex structures themselves and from the adjacent regions of electron sheath to the end cathodes of discharge device. The ejection takes place in the form of short and long pulses following each other. The nature of these pulses and the dynamics of interaction of vortex structures at their approach were studied.
The results of experimental investigations of electron ejection from gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma at the formation and radial oscillations of vortex structure have been presented. The electrons are injected from the vortex structure and the adjacent region of electron sheath in the form of pulses the duration and periodicity of which are determined by the processes of evolution and dynamics of this structure. The possible mechanisms of pulse ejection of electrons are considered. The influence of electron ejection on other processes in discharge electron sheath is analyzed.
The model of gas-discharge nonneutral electron plasma has been considered, in which the electron density is limited by non-linear processes initiated by diocotron instability and it does not depend on the mechanism of electron transport across the magnetic field. The model describes well the characteristics of electron sheath and the current characteristics of discharge both, in magnetron geometry and in the geometry of inversed magnetron, and it allows us to describe quantitatively the influence of anode misalignment on the discharge electron sheath for the first time. The scope of applicabil…
We have observed spontaneous formation of a stationary vortex structure in a rotating magnetized plasma produced in a linear ECR plasma device named HYPER-I at National Institute for Fusion Science. The vortex appears with a deep density-cavity, plasma hole, in its center, and is identified as a dissipative vortex in viscous fluids (Burgers vortex) [1]. The kinematic viscosity estimated from the vorticity profile and the ion flow field is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the classical value, which may be attributable to insufficiency of the Debye shielding or the breaking of quasi-neutrality.…
Spark plasma discharges induce vortex rings and a hot gas kernel. We develop a model to describe the late stage of the spark induced flow and the role of the vortex rings in the entrainment of cold ambient gas and the cooling of the hot gas kernel. The model is tested in a plasma-induced flow, using density and velocity measurements obtained from simultaneous stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (S-PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS). We show that the spatial distribution of the hot kernel follows the motion of the vortex rings, whose radial expansion increases with the electrical …
Recently a novel concept for collisionless electron heating and plasma generation at low pressures was proposed theoretically (U Czarnetzki and Kh Tarnev, Phys. Plasmas 21 (2014) 123508). It is based on periodically structured vortex fields which produce certain electron resonances in velocity space. A more detailed investigation of the underlying theory is presented in a companion paper (U Czarnetzki, submitted to PSST (2018), arXiv:1806.00505). Here, the new concept is experimentally realized for the first time by the INCA (INductively Coupled Array) discharge. The periodic vortex fields are…
Developing large-area inductively coupled plasma sources requires deviation from the standard coil concepts and the development of advanced antenna designs. First steps in this direction employ periodic array structures. A recent example is the Inductively Coupled Array (INCA) discharge, where use is made of the collisionless electron heating in the electric field of a periodic array of vortex fields. Naturally, the efficiency of such discharges depends on the how well the experimental array realizes the theoretically prescribed field design. In this work two diagnostic methods are employed to…
Spark discharges induce a complex flow field consisting of a shock wave at early times (~ 1 $μ$ s), a pair of vortex rings, and a hot gas kernel. The vortex rings entrain ambient gas into the hot gas kernel and control its cooling and expansion. In this work, we investigate the shock wave's contribution in producing the vortex ring vorticity. We analyze high-speed (700 kHz) schlieren images of the shock wave for a range of electrical energies to measure the shock properties and estimate shock velocity and curvature. These measurements are combined with a model to calculate the vorticity genera…
Nanosecond Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (ns-SDBDs) are a class of plasma actuators that utilize a high-voltage pulse of nanosecond duration between two surface-mounted electrodes to create an electrical breakdown of air, along with rapid heating. These actuators usually produce multiple filaments when operated at high pulse frequencies, and the rapid heating leads to the formation of shock waves and complex flow fields. In this work we replicate a single filament of the ns-SDBDs and characterize the induced flow using velocity measurements from particle image velocimetry and density me…
We report an experimental observation of multiple co--rotating vortices in a extended dust column in the background of non--uniform diffused plasma. Inductively coupled RF discharge is initiated in the background of argon gas in the source region which later found to diffuse in the main experimental chamber. A secondary DC glow discharge plasma is produced to introduce the dust particles into the plasma. These micron sized poly-disperse dust particles get charged in the plasma environment and transported by the ambipolar electric field of the diffused plasma and found to confine in the potenti…
In this paper, the collective dynamics of the large aspect ratio dusty plasma is studied over a wide range of discharge parameters. An inductively coupled diffused plasma, which creates an electrostatic trap to confine the negatively charged grains, is used to form a large volume (or large aspect ratio) dusty plasma at low pressure. For introducing the dust grains into the potential well, a unique technique using a secondary DC glow discharge plasma is employed. The dust dynamics is recorded in a 2-dimension (2D) plane at a given axial location. The dust fluid exhibits wave like behavior at lo…
A novel electron heating mechanism based on periodically structured vortex fields induced in a plane was first proposed in 2014 [U. Czarnetzki and Kh. Tarnev, Physics of Plasmas 21, 123508 (2014)]. This theoretical concept has now been realized in an experiment which confirms efficient collisionless heating in such array structures [Ph. Ahr, T.V. Tsankov, J. Kuhfeld, U. Czarnetzki, submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology, arXiv:1806.02043v1 (2018)]. The new concept is called "Inductively Coupled Array": INCA. Here, the physical mechanism behind the collisionless (stochastic) heating…
The paper reports on the dynamics of a 3-dimensional dusty plasma in a strong magnetic field. An electrostatic potential well created by a conducting or non-conducting ring in the rf discharge confines the charged dust particles. In the absence of the magnetic field, dust grains exhibit a thermal motion about their equilibrium position. As the magnetic field crosses a threshold value (B $>$ 0.02 T), the edge particles start to rotate and form a vortex in the vertical plane. At the same time, the central region particles either exhibit thermal motion or $\vec{E} \times \vec{B}$ motion in the ho…
An axial-azimuthal two-dimensional Hall thruster discharge model was developed for analyzing gradient drift instability (GDI) and cross-field electron transport enhancement induced solely by the GDI. A hybrid particle-fluid model was used for the partially ionized plasma, where the inertialess electron fluid in the quasineutral plasma was assumed. A nonoscillatory numerical method was proposed for the potential solver in the electron fluid model to avoid numerical instability and analyze the physics of GDI accurately. A simulation is performed for a 1 kW-class anode-layer-type Hall thruster, a…
We report the experimental observation of dynamical behavior of flowing complex plasma past a spherical obstacle. The experiment has been carried out in a $Π$-shaped DC glow discharge experimental device using kaolin particles as the dust component in a background of Argon plasma. A stationary dust cloud is formed by maintaining the pumping speed and gas flow rate. A spherical obstacle vertically mounted on the cathode tray acts as an obstacle to the flow of dust particles. The controlled dust flow is generated by reducing the mass flow of the neutrals through a mass flow controller. The flowi…
