基本常数与宇宙真空：微观与宏观的联系
Fundamental constants and cosmic vacuum: the micro and macro connection
摘要：
真空能量密度$ρ_Λ$可能与时间有关的想法在膨胀的宇宙中是最合理的;事实上，在整个宇宙历史中，这比严格的宇宙学常数更合理。作为$ρ_Λ=ρ_Λ(t)$动力学的，它提供了一种可能性，以解决宇宙学常数问题的各个方面。此外，很长一段时间以来（最突出的是自狄拉克第一次提出时变引力耦合以来），人们一直在研究自然界的基本“常数”随着宇宙膨胀而缓慢漂移的可能性。在过去的二十年里，特别是在最近，越来越多的实验证据证明这可能是事实。在本文中，我们考虑了这两组事实可能密切相关的可能性，即观察到的宇宙加速和基本常数可能的时间变化是同一潜在动力学的两种表现。我们称之为：在此基础上，我们期望爱因斯坦方程中的宇宙学项、牛顿耦合以及宇宙中所有粒子的质量，包括暗物质粒子、普通重子和轻子，都应该随着宇宙膨胀而漂移。在这里，我们讨论具体的宇宙学模型实现这种可能性的方式，保留了广义相对论的协变性原则。
英文摘要：
The idea that the vacuum energy density $ρ_Λ$ could be time dependent is a most reasonable one in the expanding Universe; in fact, much more reasonable than just a rigid cosmological constant for the entire cosmic history. Being $ρ_Λ=ρ_Λ(t)$ dynamical, it offers a possibility to tackle the cosmological constant problem in its various facets. Furthermore, for a long time (most prominently since Dirac's first proposal on a time variable gravitational coupling) the possibility that the fundamental "constants" of Nature are slowly drifting with the cosmic expansion has been continuously investigated. In the last two decades, and specially in recent times, mounting experimental evidence attests that this could be the case. In this paper, we consider the possibility that these two groups of facts might be intimately connected, namely that the observed acceleration of the Universe and the possible time variation of the fundamental constants are two manifestations of the same underlying dynamics. We call it: the "micro and macro connection", and on its basis we expect that the cosmological term in Einstein's equations, Newton's coupling and the masses of all the particles in the Universe, both the dark matter particles and the ordinary baryons and leptons, should all drift with the cosmic expansion. Here we discuss specific cosmological models realizing such possibility in a way that preserves the principle of covariance of General Relativity.
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