用LHC光束（AFTER @ LHC）研究固定靶ExpeRiment的横动量分布
Studies of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent distributions with A Fixed-Target ExpeRiment using the LHC beams (AFTER@LHC)
摘要：
我们报告了在未来的固定靶实验-AFTER@LHC-使用$p^+$或铅离子LHC束，这将是有史以来最有活力的固定靶实验的横向动量相关分布（TMD）的研究。AFTER@LHC通过补充对撞机模式实验，特别是RHIC和EIC项目的实验，开辟了粒子和核物理的新领域。无论是通过弯曲晶体提取光束还是内部气体靶，AFTER@LHC实现的亮度都超过RHIC高达3个数量级。使用非极化靶，它允许测量TMD，如布尔-穆德夸克分布和非极化质子中非极化和线性极化胶子的分布。使用极化的目标，人们可以通过Drell-Yan和夸克偶素生产中的单横自旋不对称性来访问夸克和胶子Sivers TMD。在运动学方面，固定目标模式与覆盖$η_{\rm lab} \in [1,5]$的探测器相结合，允许人们在极化核子中测量大$x^\uparrow$的这些不对称性。
英文摘要：
We report on the studies of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent distributions (TMDs) at a future fixed-target experiment --AFTER@LHC-- using the $p^+$ or Pb ion LHC beams, which would be the most energetic fixed-target experiment ever performed. AFTER@LHC opens new domains of particle and nuclear physics by complementing collider-mode experiments, in particular those of RHIC and the EIC projects. Both with an extracted beam by a bent crystal or with an internal gas target, the luminosity achieved by AFTER@LHC surpasses that of RHIC by up to 3 orders of magnitude. With an unpolarised target, it allows for measurements of TMDs such as the Boer-Mulders quark distributions and the distribution of unpolarised and linearly polarised gluons in unpolarised protons. Using polarised targets, one can access the quark and gluon Sivers TMDs through single transverse-spin asymmetries in Drell-Yan and quarkonium production. In terms of kinematics, the fixed-target mode combined with a detector covering $η_{\rm lab} \in [1,5]$ allows one to measure these asymmetries at large $x^\uparrow$ in the polarised nucleon.
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