绝热流体力学：耗散的八重方法
Adiabatic hydrodynamics: The eightfold way to dissipation
摘要：
我们提供了一个完整的解决方案，流体动力学输运在所有订单的梯度扩展兼容的第二定律约束。我们引入的关键新成分是绝热性的概念，它使我们能够将流体动力学带离外壳。绝热流体使得流体的离壳动力学补偿熵产生。绝热流体的空间是相当丰富的，并允许分解成七个不同的类。与耗散类一起，这建立了流体动力学输运的八重方式。此外，最近的结果保证了耗散项超出领先的顺序在梯度展开是不可知的第二定律。虽然这完成了运输分类，我们继续争论一个新的对称性原则，阿贝尔规范不变性，保证绝热流体力学。我们认为这种对称性是微观KMS不变性的宏观表现。我们证明了它的效用，明确构建有效的行动绝热运输。绝热流体的理论，我们推测，提供了一个有用的起点，一个新的框架来描述非平衡动力学，其中耗散效应产生希格斯阿贝尔对称性。
英文摘要：
We provide a complete solution to hydrodynamic transport at all orders in the gradient expansion compatible with the second law constraint. The key new ingredient we introduce is the notion of adiabaticity, which allows us to take hydrodynamics off-shell. Adiabatic fluids are such that off-shell dynamics of the fluid compensates for entropy production. The space of adiabatic fluids is quite rich, and admits a decomposition into seven distinct classes. Together with the dissipative class this establishes the eightfold way of hydrodynamic transport. Furthermore, recent results guarantee that dissipative terms beyond leading order in the gradient expansion are agnostic of the second law. While this completes a transport taxonomy, we go on to argue for a new symmetry principle, an Abelian gauge invariance that guarantees adiabaticity in hydrodynamics. We suggest that this symmetry is the macroscopic manifestation of the microscopic KMS invariance. We demonstrate its utility by explicitly constructing effective actions for adiabatic transport. The theory of adiabatic fluids, we speculate, provides a useful starting point for a new framework to describe non-equilibrium dynamics, wherein dissipative effects arise by Higgsing the Abelian symmetry.
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