arXiv 1502.002942015-02physics.atom-ph

守恒定律与原子的激光冷却

Conservation laws and laser cooling of atoms

Giuseppe Giuliani

备注：: The dimensionless parameter $B_D$ have been redefinied as $Γ/ΔE_M$ (instead of $Γ/2ΔE_M$) in order to avoid a factor of two when compared with a similar parameter used in literature. Consequently, some equations have been rewritten and some figures modified accordingly. Of Course, the physics does not change. Some minor changes aimed at improving the clarity of the text
发表信息：: Eur. J. Phys. 36 (2015) 065008 (19pp)
DOI：: 10.1088/0143-0807/36/6/065008

摘要：

能量和线性动量守恒对原子吸收/发射光子的直接应用允许建立低激光强度下二能级原子的激光冷却的基本特征。原子的可达到的最低平均动能取决于自然线宽和反冲能之间的比率$Γ/E_R$，并且当$Γ$趋向于零时趋向于$E_R$。这种处理，作为量子力学的，是有效的任何值的比例$Γ/E_R$和包含半经典理论的激光冷却作为限制情况下，其中$E_R\ll Γ$。

英文摘要：

The straightforward application of energy and linear momentum conservation to the absorption/emission of photons by atoms allows to establish the essential features of laser cooling of two levels atoms at low laser intensities. The lowest attainable average kinetic energy of the atoms depends on the ratio $Γ/E_R$ between the natural linewidth and the recoil energy and tends to $E_R$ as $Γ$ tends to zero. This treatment, as the quantum mechanical ones, is valid for any value of the ratio $Γ/E_R$ and contains the semiclassical theory of laser cooling as the limiting case in which $E_R\ll Γ$.

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