PSR B0329 +54：在RadioAstron基线上的散射盘内发现的子结构的统计数据
PSR B0329+54: Statistics of Substructure Discovered within the Scattering Disk on RadioAstron Baselines of up to 235,000 km
摘要：
我们在射电天文台地空射电干涉仪的观测中发现了PSR B0329+54散射盘内的精细尺度结构。在这里，我们描述了这种现象，其特征在于与平均值和关联函数，并解释它作为广泛分离的天线之间的星际散射的脉冲响应函数的去相关的结果。该望远镜包括10米空间射电望远镜、110米绿岸望远镜、14x25米韦斯特博克综合射电望远镜和64米卡利亚津射电望远镜。这些观测是在2012年11月和2014年1月以324兆赫在长达235，000公里的基线上进行的。在延迟域中，在长基线上，干涉可见度在有限的延迟范围内由许多离散尖峰组成。在短基线上，它由一个被较低尖峰包围的尖锐尖峰组成。可见度函数的平均相关包络呈现两个指数尺度，特征延迟分别为$τ_1=4.1\pm 0.3\ μ{\rm s}$和$τ_2=23\pm 3\ μ{\rm s}$，表明星际介质中存在两个尺度的散射。这两个尺度存在于脉冲展宽函数中。较长音阶的散射功率是较短音阶的0.38倍。我们认为，较长的尾巴来自高度散射的路径，可能从各向异性散射或从大角度的子结构。
英文摘要：
We discovered fine-scale structure within the scattering disk of PSR B0329+54 in observations with the RadioAstron ground-space radio interferometer. Here, we describe this phenomenon, characterize it with averages and correlation functions, and interpret it as the result of decorrelation of the impulse-response function of interstellar scattering between the widely-separated antennas. This instrument included the 10-m Space Radio Telescope, the 110-m Green Bank Telescope, the 14x25-m Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, and the 64-m Kalyazin Radio Telescope. The observations were performed at 324 MHz, on baselines of up to 235,000 km in November 2012 and January 2014. In the delay domain, on long baselines the interferometric visibility consists of many discrete spikes within a limited range of delays. On short baselines it consists of a sharp spike surrounded by lower spikes. The average envelope of correlations of the visibility function show two exponential scales, with characteristic delays of $τ_1=4.1\pm 0.3\ μ{\rm s}$ and $τ_2=23\pm 3\ μ{\rm s}$, indicating the presence of two scales of scattering in the interstellar medium. These two scales are present in the pulse-broadening function. The longer scale contains 0.38 times the scattered power of the shorter one. We suggest that the longer tail arises from highly-scattered paths, possibly from anisotropic scattering or from substructure at large angles.
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