超导磁通量子比特中假真空的命运
Fate of False Vacuum in Superconducting Flux Qubits
摘要：
我们提出了宇宙学中早期宇宙中的假真空的命运与超导磁通量子比特中量子态衰变的情况之间的相似性。这是因为这两种情况在标量场中都有两个均匀稳定的平衡态，在量子理论中，这两个平衡态可以以不同的可能性穿透势垒，因此被认为是不稳定的时间衰减。在量子计算中，衰变率是影响系统相干性、可靠性、测量保真度等特性的重要因素之一。在该势场中，利用瞬子模型，得到了系统从穿透态（假真空）到稳定态（绝对最小）的衰变率，其量级在普朗克常量的最高阶。在超导磁通量子比特具有薄势垒的情况下，计算了磁通量子比特的衰减率，并介绍了它与磁通量子比特设计中实际参数的关系。
英文摘要：
We propose a similarity between the scenario of fate of false vacuum in cosmology at early universe and the situation in where the quantum state decays in superconducting Flux qubit. This is due to the fact that both cases have two homogeneous stable equilibrium states in scalar field, which in quantum theory, could penetrate through the barrier in different possibilities and hence considered unstable decaying in time. In quantum computation, decay rate is among the most important factors in characteristics of the system like coherency, reliability, measurement fidelity, etc. In this considered potential, the decay rate from the penetrating (False vacuum) state to the stable (absolute minimum) state is achieved to leading order in Planck constant by the approach of Instanton model. In case of the superconducting flux qubit having thin barrier potential, the decay rate is calculated and its relations with actual set of parameters in flux qubit design are introduced.
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