接枝聚电解质的场调节力
Field-regulated force by grafted polyelectrolytes
摘要：
从理论和分子动力学（MD）模拟两方面研究了外电场调控下机械力的产生。该力产生于与接枝双链的自由端连接的可变形体中，该接枝双链暴露于有利于其吸附的电场。我们考虑了几个目标体与不同的力-变形关系，包括（i）线性和（ii）立方依赖以及（iii）Hertzian力。这种力-变形关系分别模拟了（i）卷曲和（ii）拉伸聚合物链的行为，或（iii）挤压胶体颗粒的行为。尽管电场仅在相对窄的范围内变化，但所产生的力的大小在很宽的间隔内变化。我们的理论预测同意定量以及数值模拟的结果。这两种情况下的零和有限的电流进行了研究，我们没有得到实质性的差异所产生的力。研究的现象可能被用来设计，例如，类似虎钳的设备来固定纳米尺寸的物体。
英文摘要：
Generation of mechanical force regulated by external electric field is studied both theoretically and by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The force arises in deformable bodies linked to the free end of a grafted polyelectrolyte chain which is exposed to electric field that favours its adsorption. We consider a few target bodies with different force-deformation relations including (i) linear and (ii) cubic dependences as well as (iii) Hertzian-like force. Such force-deformation relations mimic the behaviour of (i) coiled and (ii) stretched polymer chains, respectively, or (iii) that of a squeezed colloidal particle. The magnitude of the arising force varies over a wide interval although the electric field alters within a relatively narrow range only. The predictions of our theory agree quantitatively well with the results of numerical simulations. Both cases of zero and finite electrical current are investigated and we do not obtain substantial differences in the force generated. The phenomenon studied could possibly be utilised to design, e.g., vice-like devices to fix nano-sized objects.
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