核壳层结构的不可观测性质。意义、例证和后果
Non-observable nature of the nuclear shell structure. Meaning, illustrations and consequences
摘要：
单核子壳层的概念构成了我们理解原子核结构的基本支柱。由French和Baranger引入的有效单粒子能量（ESPE）是将多体观测量与单核子壳层结构联系起来的最合适的工具。正如在[T]中所讨论的。Duguet，G. Hagen，Phys.Rev.C { \bf 85}，034330（2012）]，ESPE对单核子转移概率矩阵的依赖性使它们成为纯理论量，其以计算中采用的不可观测分辨率尺度$λ$“运行”。鉴于ESPE提供了一种用更简单的理论成分来解释多体问题的方法，我们的目标是指定术语，即确切的意义和条件，在这些术语中可以有意义地进行这种解释。最先进的多参考在介质相似重整化群和自洽的Gorkov格林函数多体计算来证实的形式分析。这是通过比较几个可观的行为和不可观测的ESPE（和光谱因素）下（准）酉相似重整化群变换的分辨率尺度$λ$参数化的哈密顿量。核壳层结构的不可观察性，即它构成了一个内在的理论对象，在经验世界中没有对应物，这一事实必须得到承认和吸收。最终，从业者可以在他们的核现象分析中参考核壳层和光谱因子，当且仅当他们使用基于他们在进行分析和比较之前商定的固定分辨率尺度的一致结构和反应理论方案时。
英文摘要：
The concept of single-nucleon shells constitutes a basic pillar of our understanding of nuclear structure. Effective single-particle energies (ESPEs) introduced by French and Baranger represent the most appropriate tool to relate many-body observables to a single-nucleon shell structure. As briefly discussed in [T. Duguet, G. Hagen, Phys. Rev. C {\bf 85}, 034330 (2012)], the dependence of ESPEs on one-nucleon transfer probability matrices makes them purely theoretical quantities that "run" with the non-observable resolution scale $λ$ employed in the calculation. Given that ESPEs provide a way to interpret the many-body problem in terms of simpler theoretical ingredients, the goal is to specify the terms, i.e. the exact sense and conditions, in which this interpretation can be conducted meaningfully. State-of-the-art multi-reference in-medium similarity renormalization group and self-consistent Gorkov Green's function many-body calculations are employed to corroborate the formal analysis. This is done by comparing the behavior of several observables and of non-observable ESPEs (and spectroscopic factors) under (quasi) unitary similarity renormalization group transformations of the Hamiltonian parameterized by the resolution scale $λ$. The non-observable nature of the nuclear shell structure, i.e. the fact that it constitutes an intrinsically theoretical object with no counterpart in the empirical world, must be recognized and assimilated. Eventually, practitioners can refer to nuclear shells and spectroscopic factors in their analyses of nuclear phenomena if, and only if, they use consistent structure and reaction theoretical schemes based on a fixed resolution scale they have agreed on prior to performing their analysis and comparisons.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
