关于SI基本单位的新定义。为什么“原子”千克更可取
On new definitions of SI base units. Why is the "atomic" kilogram preferable
摘要：
我们讨论了普朗克常数、阿伏伽德罗常数、玻耳兹曼常量和基本电荷的基本常数和测量数据的作用，以及与计划过渡到四个基本国际单位制单位（千克、摩尔、安培和开尔文）的新定义有关的这些常数的固定值。建议根据一个特定的基本物理常数，使用一些标准或原则来选择任何基本SI单位的新定义，例如相对于当前SI的继承，新单位标准的足够稳定性，以及单位的物理尺寸与相应的基本常数之间的一致性。有人认为，通过固定原子质量单位和阿伏伽德罗常数的值来重新定义千克和摩尔满足所有这些标准，并且比固定普朗克常量的版本具有更多的优势：一种有充分依据的定义安培的方法，并有机会保留摩尔和千克定义之间的现有关系。也有人认为，开尔文可以重新定义独立于其他三个单位。
英文摘要：
We discuss the role of fundamental constants and measurement data for the Planck, Avogadro and Boltzmann constants and the elementary electric charge in connection with the planned transition to new definitions of four base SI units (the kilogram, mole, ampere and kelvin) in terms of fixed values of these constants. It is proposed to choose a new definition of any base SI unit in terms of a particular fundamental physical constant using a number of criteria, or principles, such as succession relative to the current SI, a sufficient stability of the new unit standards, and concordance between physical dimensions of the unit and the corresponding fundamental constant. It is argued that a redefinition of the kilogram and mole by fixing the values of the atomic mass unit and the Avogadro constant satisfies all these criteria and bears some more advantages against the version with fixed Planck constant: a well founded approach to definition of the ampere and the opportunity to preserve the current relationship between definitions of the mole and the kilogram. It is also argued that the kelvin can be redefined independently of the other three units.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
