自然通风对不同平面设计热性能的影响
Contributions of natural ventilation on thermal performance of alternative floor plan designs
摘要：
在建筑设计过程的最早阶段，从业者在分析客户的设计方案、法律要求、地形限制和偏好后，将这些要求综合到建筑平面图中。在此阶段所做的设计决定可能会对建筑物的性能产生重大影响。由于这个原因，重要的是要估计和比较替代解决方案，当它仍然是可管理的，以改变建筑设计。作者一直在开发一个原型工具，以协助建筑师在这个初始设计阶段。它由两个算法组成。第一种算法根据建筑师的偏好和要求以及客户的设计程序生成备选平面图。它包括在一个进化策略的方法，增强了本地搜索技术，在二维空间中的几个层次上分配房间。第二种算法根据热性能标准对这些平面图进行评估、排名和优化。该原型工具与动态模拟程序相结合，该程序估计每个解决方案的热行为。一个顺序变量优化是用来改变不同的建筑元素在平面图中的几个几何值，以探索改进的潜力。在本通信中，在迭代过程中使用这两种算法来生成和优化替代楼层平面图的热性能。在EnergyPlus程序的建筑模拟规范中，使用了气流网络模型，以充分模拟室内空间的空气渗透和气流。一个案例研究的单户住宅与三个房间在一个单一的水平。
英文摘要：
During the earliest phase of architectural design process, practitioners after analyzing the client's design program, legal requirements, topographic constraints, and preferences synthesize these requirements into architectural floor plan drawings. Design decisions taken in this phase may significantly contribute to the building performance. On account of this reason, it is important to estimate and compare alternative solutions, when it is still manageable to change the building design. The authors have been developing a prototype tool to assist architects during this initial design phase. It is made up of two algorithms. The first algorithm generates alternative floor plans according to the architect's preferences and requirements, and the client's design program. It consists in one evolutionary strategy approach enhanced with local search technique to allocate rooms on several levels in the two-dimensional space. The second algorithm evaluates, ranks, and optimizes those floor plans according to thermal performance criteria. The prototype tool is coupled with dynamic simulation program, which estimates the thermal behavior of each solution. A sequential variable optimization is used to change several geometric values of different architectural elements in the floor plans to explore the improvement potential. In the present communication, the two algorithms are used in an iterative process to generate and optimize the thermal performance of alternative floor plans. In the building simulation specifications of EnergyPlus program, the airflow network model has been used in order to adequately model the air infiltration and the airflows through indoor spaces. A case study of a single-family house with three rooms in a single level is presented.
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