我们最近对星系数量和近红外线光度密度的估计(Keenan et al. 2010,2012)表明,局部宇宙在几百兆秒差距(Mpc)的径向尺度上可能是欠密度的。如此大规模的局部欠密度可能会在宇宙学观测值的测量和解释中引入重大偏差,例如暗能量对膨胀率的推断效应。在Keenan等人(2013)中,我们测量了K波段光度密度作为与我们距离的函数,以测试这种局部密度不足。我们在红移范围0.01 < z < 0.2(径向距离D ~ 50-800 Mpc)进行了测量。我们发现,K波段光度函数的形状是相对恒定的距离和环境的函数。我们得到了一个本地(z < 0.07,D < 300兆秒差距)K带光度密度,同意与以前发表的研究。在z > 0.07时,我们测量到一个不断增加的光度密度,到z~ 0.1时,这个值比当地测量的值高出约1.5倍。这意味着恒星的质量密度遵循类似的趋势。假设底层的暗物质分布被这种发光物质追踪,这表明局部质量密度可能低于宇宙的整体质量密度,其幅度和尺度足以在基本宇宙学观测值的测量中引入显著的偏差。至少有一项研究表明,大约这种幅度和规模的低密度可以解决哈勃常数的直接局部测量与普朗克团队推断的测量之间的明显紧张关系。其他理论研究得出结论,即使没有暗能量存在,这种密度不足也可以解释看起来像是加速膨胀的现象。
英文摘要:
Our recent estimates of galaxy counts and the luminosity density in the near-infrared (Keenan et al. 2010, 2012) indicated that the local universe may be under-dense on radial scales of several hundred megaparsecs (Mpc). Such a large-scale local under-density could introduce significant biases in the measurement and interpretation of cosmological observables, such as the inferred effects of dark energy on the rate of expansion. In Keenan et al. (2013), we measured the K-band luminosity density as a function of distance from us to test for such a local under-density. We made this measurement over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.2 (radial distances D ~ 50-800 Mpc). We found that the shape of the K-band luminosity function is relatively constant as a function of distance and environment. We derive a local (z < 0.07, D < 300 Mpc) K-band luminosity density that agrees well with previously published studies. At z > 0.07, we measure an increasing luminosity density that by z~ 0.1 rises to a value of ~1.5 times higher than that measured locally. This implies that the stellar mass density follows a similar trend. Assuming that the underlying dark matter distribution is traced by this luminous matter, this suggests that the local mass density may be lower than the global mass density of the universe at an amplitude and on a scale that is sufficient to introduce significant biases into the measurement of basic cosmological observables. At least one study has shown that an under-density of roughly this amplitude and scale could resolve the apparent tension between direct local measurements of the Hubble constant and those inferred by Planck team. Other theoretical studies have concluded that such an under-density could account for what looks like an accelerating expansion, even when no dark energy is present.
Measuring the cosmic homogeneity scale with SDSS-IV DR16 Quasars
我们报告的测量尺度的宇宙均匀性($r_{h}$)使用最近发布的类星体样本的第十六次数据发布的斯隆数字巡天(SDSS-IV DR 16)。我们利用分维$D_2$对位于红移区间$2.2 < z < 3.2$内的2个红移仓进行了分析。通过采用通常的假设,即当$D_2 \sim 2.97$,即在$D_2=3$的1%以内时得到$r_{h}$,我们发现宇宙均匀性尺度随红移有减小的趋势,并且与$Λ$ CDM预测很好地吻合。我们的研究结果证实了标准宇宙学模型的基本假设所预测的类星体空间分布的均匀性尺度的存在。
Homogeneity scale in the local Universe: Model-independent estimate from S-PLUS iDR6 blue galaxies
Observatório Nacional(国家天文台);Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas(巴西物理研究中心);Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(里约热内卢联邦大学物理研究所);Observatório do Valongo(瓦隆戈天文台);The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学机构天文台);Rubin Observatory Project Office(鲁宾天文台项目办公室);Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina(圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学物理系);Universidade de São Paulo, IAG(圣保罗大学天文学、地球科学与气象学学院)
我们表明,标准烛光可以提供一些有价值的信息的密度对比度,这可能是特别重要的红移,其他观测不可用。假设背景宇宙学参数是从大尺度观测中获得的,我们用反演方法从光度距离观测中重建局部径向密度分布。利用Ia型超新星、造父变星和普朗克任务的宇宙学参数,我们重建了沿天空两个不同方向的径向密度分布。我们将这些轮廓与从光度密度获得的其他密度图进行了比较,特别是Keenan et al. 2013和\TMPP星系目录。该方法独立地证实了不均匀性的存在,可能是特别有用的正确规范化密度图从星系调查相对于宇宙的平均密度,并可以澄清本地和大尺度估计的哈勃常数之间的明显差异。当获得更好的超新星观测数据时,重建密度分布的准确性将提高,并将允许进一步调查其大小超出星系调查范围的结构的存在。