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arXiv 1409.8458astro-ph.CO
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局部大尺度结构与均匀性假设

Local Large-Scale Structure and the Assumption of Homogeneity

Ryan C. Keenan, Amy J. Barger, Lennox L. Cowie

摘要:

我们最近对星系数量和近红外线光度密度的估计(Keenan et al. 2010,2012)表明,局部宇宙在几百兆秒差距(Mpc)的径向尺度上可能是欠密度的。如此大规模的局部欠密度可能会在宇宙学观测值的测量和解释中引入重大偏差,例如暗能量对膨胀率的推断效应。在Keenan等人(2013)中,我们测量了K波段光度密度作为与我们距离的函数,以测试这种局部密度不足。我们在红移范围0.01 < z < 0.2(径向距离D ~ 50-800 Mpc)进行了测量。我们发现,K波段光度函数的形状是相对恒定的距离和环境的函数。我们得到了一个本地(z < 0.07,D < 300兆秒差距)K带光度密度,同意与以前发表的研究。在z > 0.07时,我们测量到一个不断增加的光度密度,到z~ 0.1时,这个值比当地测量的值高出约1.5倍。这意味着恒星的质量密度遵循类似的趋势。假设底层的暗物质分布被这种发光物质追踪,这表明局部质量密度可能低于宇宙的整体质量密度,其幅度和尺度足以在基本宇宙学观测值的测量中引入显著的偏差。至少有一项研究表明,大约这种幅度和规模的低密度可以解决哈勃常数的直接局部测量与普朗克团队推断的测量之间的明显紧张关系。其他理论研究得出结论,即使没有暗能量存在,这种密度不足也可以解释看起来像是加速膨胀的现象。

英文摘要:

Our recent estimates of galaxy counts and the luminosity density in the near-infrared (Keenan et al. 2010, 2012) indicated that the local universe may be under-dense on radial scales of several hundred megaparsecs (Mpc). Such a large-scale local under-density could introduce significant biases in the measurement and interpretation of cosmological observables, such as the inferred effects of dark energy on the rate of expansion. In Keenan et al. (2013), we measured the K-band luminosity density as a function of distance from us to test for such a local under-density. We made this measurement over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.2 (radial distances D ~ 50-800 Mpc). We found that the shape of the K-band luminosity function is relatively constant as a function of distance and environment. We derive a local (z < 0.07, D < 300 Mpc) K-band luminosity density that agrees well with previously published studies. At z > 0.07, we measure an increasing luminosity density that by z~ 0.1 rises to a value of ~1.5 times higher than that measured locally. This implies that the stellar mass density follows a similar trend. Assuming that the underlying dark matter distribution is traced by this luminous matter, this suggests that the local mass density may be lower than the global mass density of the universe at an amplitude and on a scale that is sufficient to introduce significant biases into the measurement of basic cosmological observables. At least one study has shown that an under-density of roughly this amplitude and scale could resolve the apparent tension between direct local measurements of the Hubble constant and those inferred by Planck team. Other theoretical studies have concluded that such an under-density could account for what looks like an accelerating expansion, even when no dark energy is present.

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