相互作用多体系统中的Angular momentum隐藏在幻影涡中
Angular momentum in interacting many-body systems hides in phantom vortices
摘要：
在超冷原子气体等量子系统中，涡旋对于角动量是必不可少的。玻色子系统中量子化涡度的存在促进了Gross-Pitaevskii平均场近似的发展。然而，量子关联的出现丰富了有限的、相互作用的多体系统中角动量的真实动力学，比如被困的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，量子关联的描述需要更精细的方法。在这里，我们从理论上研究了全多体动力学的收购角动量的气体超冷玻色子在二维使用标准的旋转过程。我们证明了存在一种新的模式的量子化涡，我们的术语$\textit{phantom vortex}$，相反，传统的平均场涡，可以检测到的拓扑缺陷的空间相干性，但$\textit{not}$的密度。我们描述了以前未知的多体机制的涡旋成核，并表明，角动量是隐藏在幻影涡旋模式，到目前为止，似乎已经逃避实验检测。
英文摘要：
Vortices are essential to angular momentum in quantum systems such as ultracold atomic gases. The existence of quantized vorticity in bosonic systems stimulated the development of the Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field approximation. However, the true dynamics of angular momentum in finite, interacting many-body systems like trapped Bose-Einstein condensates is enriched by the emergence of quantum correlations whose description demands more elaborate methods. Herein we theoretically investigate the full many-body dynamics of the acquisition of angular momentum by a gas of ultracold bosons in two dimensions using a standard rotation procedure. We demonstrate the existence of a novel mode of quantized vorticity, which we term the $\textit{phantom vortex}$ that, contrary to the conventional mean-field vortex, can be detected as a topological defect of spatial coherence, but $\textit{not}$ of the density. We describe previously unknown many-body mechanisms of vortex nucleation and show that angular momentum is hidden in phantom vortex modes which so far seem to have evaded experimental detection.
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