用标量耗散强度从相对论重离子碰撞产生的非平衡态中分离平衡部分
Separation of equilibrium part from an off-equilibrium state produced by relativistic heavy ion collisions using a scalar dissipative strength
摘要：
我们提出了一种新的方法来指定一个耗散流体动力学模型的初始条件为一个给定的能量密度$\varepsilon=u_μT^{μν}u_ν$和重子数密度$n=N^μu_μ$，它不强加所谓的朗道匹配条件的非平衡态。除了通常的两个参数的平衡部分，即，$α\equiv μ/T$，$β\equiv1/T$（其中$T$是分离温度，$μ$是为了将平衡部分从非平衡态分离而引入的分离化学势），新引入耗散强度$γ$以指定非平衡态。这些$α$、$β$和$γ$可由$\varepsilon$、$n$和$P_{\rm eq}(α,β)+Π=-1/3Δ_{μν}T^{μν}$唯一确定，它们由动力学理论定义和化学稳定性条件组成。对于$γ<10^{-3}$，$T$和$μ$几乎与$γ$无关，这意味着Landau匹配条件近似满足。但是，对于$γ\gtrsim 10^{-3}$，情况并非如此。
英文摘要：
We have proposed a novel way to specify the initial conditions of a dissipative fluid dynamical model for a given energy density $\varepsilon=u_μT^{μν}u_ν$ and baryon number density $n=N^μu_μ$, which does not impose the so-called Landau matching condition for an off-equilibrium state. In addition to usual two parameters for equilibrium part, i.e., $α\equiv μ/T$, $β\equiv1/T$ (where $T$ is separation temperature and $μ$ is separation chemical potential introduced to separate equilibrium part from the off-equilibrium state), a dissipative strength $γ$ is newly introduced to specify the off-equilibrium state. These $α$, $β$ and $γ$ can be uniquely determined by $\varepsilon$, $n$ and $P_{\rm eq}(α,β)+Π=-1/3Δ_{μν}T^{μν}$ consisting of both kinetic theoretical definitions and the thermodynamical stability condition. For $γ<10^{-3}$, $T$ and $μ$ are almost independent of $γ$, which means that the Landau matching condition is approximately satisfied. However, this is not the case for $γ\gtrsim 10^{-3}$.
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