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arXiv 1409.6835astro-ph.SR
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演化恒星内部重力波的Angular Momentum输运

Angular Momentum Transport via Internal Gravity Waves in Evolving Stars

Jim Fuller, Daniel Lecoanet, Matteo Cantiello, Ben Brown

摘要:

最近的星震学进展使得可以直接测量许多亚巨星和红巨星的内部自转速率。与几乎刚性旋转的太阳不同,这些演化的恒星包含辐射核心,其旋转速度比其上覆的对流包层快,但比没有内部角动量传输的情况下慢。我们研究内部重力波在演化中的低质量恒星角动量输运中的作用。与前人的研究结果一致,我们发现对流激发的重力波可以阻止类太阳恒星辐射核中强微分自转的发展。然而,当恒星演化成次巨星时,低频重力波会变得强烈衰减,无法在氢燃烧的壳层以下传播,使得核心的旋转与对流层分离。这种退耦发生在次巨星分支的底部,此时恒星的表面温度大约为5500 K。然而,重力波仍然可以向下旋转的上部辐射区,这意味着所观察到的差异旋转可能局限于深核附近的氢燃烧壳。上辐射区的扭矩也可能阻止核心吸积高角动量物质,并减缓核心自旋的速率。观测到的红巨星分支上的核自旋下降不能完全归因于重力波,但重力波可能会增强辐射区域内的剪切,从而增加粘性/磁力矩的功效。

英文摘要:

Recent asteroseismic advances have allowed for direct measurements of the internal rotation rates of many sub-giant and red giant stars. Unlike the nearly rigidly rotating Sun, these evolved stars contain radiative cores that spin faster than their overlying convective envelopes, but slower than they would in the absence of internal angular momentum transport. We investigate the role of internal gravity waves in angular momentum transport in evolving low mass stars. In agreement with previous results, we find that convectively excited gravity waves can prevent the development of strong differential rotation in the radiative cores of Sun-like stars. As stars evolve into sub-giants, however, low frequency gravity waves become strongly attenuated and cannot propagate below the hydrogen burning shell, allowing the spin of the core to decouple from the convective envelope. This decoupling occurs at the base of the sub-giant branch when stars have surface temperatures of roughly 5500 K. However, gravity waves can still spin down the upper radiative region, implying that the observed differential rotation is likely confined to the deep core near the hydrogen burning shell. The torque on the upper radiative region may also prevent the core from accreting high-angular momentum material and slow the rate of core spin-up. The observed spin-down of cores on the red giant branch cannot be totally attributed to gravity waves, but the waves may enhance shear within the radiative region and thus increase the efficacy of viscous/magnetic torques.

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