国际贸易网络：分形特征与全球化之谜
International trade network: fractal properties and globalization puzzle
摘要：
全球化是我们时代的核心概念之一。对这一进程的普遍看法是，由于通信和运输成本下降，距离变得越来越不重要。然而，贸易引力模型中的距离系数随时间增长，表明距离的作用增加而不是减少。这在本质上抓住了全球化难题的概念。在这里，我们表明，分形的国际贸易体系（ITS）提供了一个简单的解决方案的难题。我们认为，距离系数对应于ITS的分形维数。我们提供了两个独立的方法，盒子计数法和空间选择模型，证实了这一说法。我们的研究结果使我们得出结论，以前的方法来解决这个难题误解了贸易引力模型中的距离系数的含义。
英文摘要：
Globalization is one of the central concepts of our age. The common perception of the process is that, due to declining communication and transport costs, distance becomes less and less important. However, the distance coefficient in the gravity model of trade, which grows in time, indicates that the role of distance increases rather than decreases. This, in essence, captures the notion of the globalization puzzle. Here, we show that the fractality of the international trade system (ITS) provides a simple solution for the puzzle. We argue, that the distance coefficient corresponds to the fractal dimension of ITS. We provide two independent methods, box counting method and spatial choice model, which confirm this statement. Our results allow us to conclude that the previous approaches to solving the puzzle misinterpreted the meaning of the distance coefficient in the gravity model of trade.
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