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arXiv 1409.4573stat.ML
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基于高斯测度的非线性因果推断

Non-linear Causal Inference using Gaussianity Measures

Daniel Hernández-Lobato, Pablo Morales-Mombiela, David Lopez-Paz, Alberto Suárez

摘要:

我们提供了理论和经验证据的一种类型的不对称的原因和影响,是目前通过线性模型污染的加性非高斯噪声相关。假设原因和影响具有相同的分布,我们表明,在反因果方向的线性拟合的残差的分布是更接近高斯比在因果方向的残差的分布。这种高斯化效应的特征在于高阶累积量的大小的减少和残差的微分熵的增量。非线性因果推断的问题是通过在扩展的特征空间中执行嵌入来解决的,其中因果之间的关系可以被假设为线性的。基于这种类型的不对称性的原因和效果之间的区别的方法的有效性说明在各种实验中使用不同的措施的高斯。所提出的方法被证明是有竞争力的因果推断与国家的最先进的技术。

英文摘要:

We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for a type of asymmetry between causes and effects that is present when these are related via linear models contaminated with additive non-Gaussian noise. Assuming that the causes and the effects have the same distribution, we show that the distribution of the residuals of a linear fit in the anti-causal direction is closer to a Gaussian than the distribution of the residuals in the causal direction. This Gaussianization effect is characterized by reduction of the magnitude of the high-order cumulants and by an increment of the differential entropy of the residuals. The problem of non-linear causal inference is addressed by performing an embedding in an expanded feature space, in which the relation between causes and effects can be assumed to be linear. The effectiveness of a method to discriminate between causes and effects based on this type of asymmetry is illustrated in a variety of experiments using different measures of Gaussianity. The proposed method is shown to be competitive with state-of-the-art techniques for causal inference.

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