BICEP2和Planck 353 GHz B模的亏格拓扑和互相关：有利于重力波探测的进一步证据
Genus Topology and Cross-Correlation of BICEP2 and Planck 353 GHz B-Modes: Further Evidence Favoring Gravity Wave Detection
摘要：
我们分析了BICEP 2 B模的亏格拓扑结构，发现它们是高斯随机相位，如果它们有宇宙学起源的话。这些BICEP 2 B模可以由早期宇宙中的重力波产生，但是一些问题出现了，这些B模（50 <1 < 120）是否可以由前景偏振尘埃发射产生。BICEP 2观测到的150 GHz的尘埃辐射在量级上应该比353 GHz小，但结构与353 GHz相似。因此，我们已经计算和映射的BICEP 2区域的B-模式从公开可用的Q和U 353 GHz的初步普朗克极化图。它们的属曲线与BICEP 2观测中所见的不同，其特征位于BICEP 2地图中不同的位置。两张图显示正相关系数为15.2% +/- 3.9%（1-sigma）。这要求普朗克（50 <1 <120）尘埃模的振幅在BICEP 2区域中是低的，并且在这些模中在BICEP 2区域中的普朗克353 GHz信号的大部分是噪声。我们可以用均方根振幅等于总BICEP 2均方根振幅54%的BICEP 2重力波信号解释观测到的15.2%的相关系数。重力波信号对应于张量-标量比r = 0.11 +/-0.04（1-西格玛）。这与在2.5西格玛水平上检测到的重力波信号一致。普朗克和BICEP 2团队最近对其综合数据进行了联合分析|看看这种合作是否会得出类似的结论，将是很有意思的。
英文摘要：
We have analyzed the genus topology of the BICEP2 B-modes and find them to be Gaussian random phase as expected if they have a cosmological origin. These BICEP2 B-modes can be produced by gravity waves in the early universe, but some question has arisen as to whether these B-modes (for 50 < l < 120) may instead be produced by foreground polarized dust emission. The dust emission at 150 GHz observed by BICEP2 should be less in magnitude but have similar structure to that at 353 GHz. We have therefore calculated and mapped the B-modes in the BICEP2 region from the publicly available Q and U 353 GHz preliminary Planck polarization maps. These have a genus curve that is different from that seen in the BICEP2 observations, with features at different locations from those in the BICEP2 map. The two maps show a positive correlation coefficient of 15.2% +/- 3.9% (1-sigma). This requires the amplitude of the Planck (50 < l <120) dust modes to be low in the BICEP2 region, and the majority of the Planck 353 GHz signal in the BICEP2 region in these modes to be noise. We can explain the observed correlation coefficient of 15.2% with a BICEP2 gravity wave signal with an rms amplitude equal to 54% of the total BICEP2 rms amplitude. The gravity wave signal corresponds to a tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.11 +/- 0.04 (1-sigma). This is consistent with a gravity wave signal having been detected, at a 2.5-sigma level. The Planck and BICEP2 teams have recently engaged in joint analysis of their combined data|it will be interesting to see if that collaboration reaches similar conclusions.
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