一束平行微管的集体货物牵引：由负载依赖性聚合和解聚引起的双向运动
Collective cargo hauling by a bundle of parallel microtubules: bi-directional motion caused by load-dependent polymerization and depolymerization
摘要：
微管（MT）是直径约25 nm的中空管。管的两端是不同的，并被指定为“正”和“负”端。出于集体推和拉施加的一束MT在活细胞中的染色体分离过程中，我们在这里开发了一个非常简化的理论模型的一束平行的动态MT。在束中的所有MT的正端被永久地附着到一个可移动的“墙”的设备，其详细的结构是没有明确地在我们的模型中处理。唯一的要求是该装置允许每个MT在正端聚合和解聚。尽管不存在外力和MT之间的直接横向相互作用，但附接到壁的聚合MT组产生对抗解聚MT组的载荷力，反之亦然;对抗组的载荷由该组的成员均等地分担。MT之间的这种间接相互作用产生了丰富多样的集体动力学的可能状态，我们已经确定了计算机模拟模型在不同的参数制度。由聚合动力学的负载依赖性引起的货物的双向运动是“原理证明”，即染色体在细胞分裂之前的双向运动不一定需要马达蛋白的主动参与。
英文摘要：
A microtubule (MT) is a hollow tube of approximately 25 nm diameter. The two ends of the tube are dissimilar and are designated as `plus' and `minus' ends. Motivated by the collective push and pull exerted by a bundle of MTs during chromosome segregation in a living cell, we have developed here a much simplified theoretical model of a bundle of parallel dynamic MTs. The plus-end of all the MTs in the bundle are permanently attached to a movable `wall' by a device whose detailed structure is not treated explicitly in our model. The only requirement is that the device allows polymerization and depolymerization of each MT at the plus-end. In spite of the absence of external force and direct lateral interactions between the MTs, the group of polymerizing MTs attached to the wall create a load force against the group of depolymerizing MTs and vice-versa; the load against a group is shared equally by the members of that group. Such indirect interactions among the MTs gives rise to the rich variety of possible states of collective dynamics that we have identified by computer simulations of the model in different parameter regimes. The bi-directional motion of the cargo, caused by the load-dependence of the polymerization kinetics, is a "proof-of-principle" that the bi-directional motion of chromosomes before cell division does not necessarily need active participation of motor proteins.
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