沮丧的大脑：从动机的动态到社区和网络
The frustrated brain: From dynamics on motifs to communities and networks
摘要：
认知功能依赖于分布式皮层网络中灵活动态和整合过程之间的适应性平衡。零滞后同步模式可能支撑着许多感知和认知功能。同步通过减少熵来实现整合，而自适应功能则要求各种各样的稳定状态可以随时访问。在这里，我们阐明了两个互补的影响模式的零滞后同步，来自大脑网络的基本属性。首先，相互耦合的神经元子系统对-共振对-促进它们嵌入其中的小图案之间的稳定的零滞后同步，并且其效果可以沿着连接的链传播。第二，受挫折的闭环图案破坏同步动力学，使零滞后同步的亚稳态配置共存。我们记录这两个互补的影响，在小图案，并说明这些影响如何支持稳定与亚稳态相位同步模式的原型模块化网络和大规模的猕猴（CoCoMac）的皮质网络。我们发现，同步模式的可变性取决于节点间的时间延迟，增加与网络的大小，并最大限度地为中间耦合强度。我们假设，共振与挫折的辩证影响可能会形成一个灵活的神经元整合，跨不同的认知过程的一个重要平台的动态基板。
英文摘要：
Cognitive function depends on an adaptive balance between flexible dynamics and integrative processes in distributed cortical networks. Patterns of zero-lag synchrony likely underpin numerous perceptual and cognitive functions. Synchronization fulfils integration by reducing entropy, whilst adaptive function mandates that a broad variety of stable states be readily accessible. Here, we elucidate two complementary influences on patterns of zero-lag synchrony that derive from basic properties of brain networks. First, mutually coupled pairs of neuronal subsystems -- resonance pairs -- promote stable zero-lag synchrony amongst the small motifs in which they are embedded, and whose effects can propagate along connected chains. Second, frustrated closed-loop motifs disrupt synchronous dynamics, enabling metastable configurations of zero-lag synchrony to coexist. We document these two complementary influences in small motifs and illustrate how these effects underpin stable versus metastable phase-synchronization patterns in prototypical modular networks and in large-scale cortical networks of the macaque (CoCoMac). We find that the variability of synchronization patterns depends on the inter-node time delay, increases with the network size, and is maximized for intermediate coupling strengths. We hypothesize that the dialectic influences of resonance versus frustration may form a dynamic substrate for flexible neuronal integration, an essential platform across diverse cognitive processes.
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