全同粒子的干涉与量子功分布
Interference of Identical Particles and the Quantum Work Distribution
摘要：
处于限制势中的量子力学粒子在经历远离热平衡的热力学过程时会相互干扰。通过计算多粒子本征态之间相应的跃迁概率，我们得到了量子功分布函数，对于相同的玻色子和费米子，我们与可区分粒子的情况进行了比较。我们发现玻色子和费米子的量子功分布在低温下有很大的不同，而正如预期的那样，在高温下的工作分布收敛到经典的表达。这些发现说明了两个解析可解的例子，即含时无限方阱和参量谐振子。
英文摘要：
Quantum mechanical particles in a confining potential interfere with each other while undergoing thermodynamic processes far from thermal equilibrium. By evaluating the corresponding transition probabilities between many-particle eigenstates we obtain the quantum work distribution function, for identical Bosons and Fermions, which we compare with the case of distinguishable particles. We find that the quantum work distributions for Bosons and Fermions significantly differ at low temperatures, while, as expected, at high temperatures the work distributions converge to the classical expression. These findings are illustrated with two analytically solvable examples, namely the time-dependent infinite square well and the parametric harmonic oscillator.
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