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arXiv 1409.3229astro-ph.GA
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船底座矮球状星系的幕式恒星形成史

The episodic Star Formation History of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

T. J. L. de Boer, E. Tolstoy, B. Lemasle, A. Saha, E. W. Olszewski, M. Mateo, M. J. Irwin, G. Battaglia

摘要:

我们提出了深测光的船底座矮椭球星系的B,V过滤器从CTIO/MOSAIC,出和超出潮汐半径。精确校准的光度学与红巨星分支星的光谱金属丰度分布相结合,以确定详细的恒星形成和化学演化历史。恒星的形成历史证实了船底座的形成历史,并详细量化了每一幕的持续时间和强度,作为从中心开始的函数半径。两个主要的恒星形成事件发生在古老(>8 Gyr)和中间(2-8 Gyr)年龄,都是从低金属丰度([Fe/H]<-2 dex)开始的富集恒星。通过将SFH分为两部分,我们确定60pm9%的恒星形成于中间年龄段。此外,在潮汐半径(0.48度或888秒差距)内,形成的恒星总质量为1.07 pm 0.08 x10^6 M_sun,船底座的恒星质光比为1.8 pm 0.8。结合详细的恒星形成历史与光谱观测的RGB星,我们能够确定详细的年龄金属丰度关系的每个情节和时间尺度的α-元素演化的船底座从单个恒星。最古老的一幕显示出6 Gyr以上的紧密年龄-金属丰度关系,α元素丰度稳定下降,α元素拐点可能在[Fe/H]~ -2.5 dex。中间年龄序列显示出更复杂的年龄-金属丰度关系,从低金属丰度开始,α元素丰度序列的斜率比老事件中观察到的要陡得多,从[Fe/H]=-1.8 dex和[Mg/Fe]~0.4 dex开始,下降到贫Mg值([Mg/Fe]<-0.5 dex)。这清楚地表明,这两个恒星形成的情节形成的气体具有不同的丰度模式,不符合简单的演化在一个孤立系。

英文摘要:

We present deep photometry of the Carina dwarf Spheroidal galaxy in the B,V filters from CTIO/MOSAIC, out to and beyond the tidal radius. The accurately calibrated photometry is combined with spectroscopic metallicity distributions of Red Giant Branch stars to determine the detailed star formation and chemical evolution history. The star formation history confirms the episodic formation history of Carina and quantifies the duration and strength of each episode in great detail, as a function radius from the centre. Two main episodes of star formation occurred at old (>8 Gyr) and intermediate (2-8 Gyr) ages, both enriching stars starting from low metallicities ([Fe/H]<-2 dex). By dividing the SFH into two components, we determine that 60pm9 percent of the total number of stars formed within the intermediate age episode. Furthermore, within the tidal radius (0.48 degrees or 888 pc) a total mass in stars of 1.07pm0.08 x10^6 M_sun was formed, giving Carina a stellar mass-to-light ratio of 1.8pm0.8. Combining the detailed star formation history with spectroscopic observations of RGB stars, we are able to determine the detailed age-metallicity relation of each episode and the timescale of alpha-element evolution of Carina from individual stars. The oldest episode displays a tight age-metallicity relation over 6 Gyr with steadily declining alpha-element abundances and a possible alpha-element knee at [Fe/H]~ -2.5 dex. The intermediate age sequence displays a more complex age-metallicity relation starting from low metallicity and a sequence in alpha-element abundances with a slope much steeper than observed in the old episode, starting from [Fe/H]=-1.8 dex and [Mg/Fe]~0.4 dex and declining to Mg-poor values ([Mg/Fe]<-0.5 dex). This indicates clearly that both episodes of star formation formed from gas with different abundance patterns, inconsistent with simple evolution in an isolated system.

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