自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中sine-Gordon孤子的边缘束缚
Edge binding of sine-Gordon solitons in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
摘要：
在最近的超冷气体实验中，拉曼耦合方案用于产生自旋轨道（SO）和塞曼型耦合[Y. J. Lin等人，Nature 471，83（2011）]。它们的竞争驱动相变到具有破缺的$Z_2$对称性的磁化状态。使用流体动力学方法，我们研究了一个封闭的二元冷凝物受到SO和塞曼型耦合。我们发现，在小愈合长度的限制下，在对称性未破缺的相位中，边界磁化分布具有正弦-戈登孤子形式的解析解。孤子被束缚到系统的边缘的非平凡的边界条件所产生的SO耦合和粒子密度下降的综合影响。同样的边界条件是重要的磁化阶段，以及，在那里我们的特征数值边界自旋结构。我们进一步讨论了非平凡的磁化结构如何影响边界附近的密度分布，这是另一个可以在当前的自旋轨道耦合凝聚体实验中进行测试的预测。
英文摘要：
In recent experiments with ultracold gases a Raman coupling scheme is used to produce both spin-orbit (SO) and Zeeman-type couplings [Y.-J. Lin et al., Nature 471, 83 (2011)]. Their competition drives a phase transition to a magnetized state with broken $Z_2$ symmetry. Using a hydrodynamic approach we study a confined binary condensate subject to both SO and Zeeman-type couplings. We find that in the limit of small healing length and in the phase with unbroken symmetry, the boundary magnetization profile has an analytical solution in the form of a sine-Gordon soliton. The soliton is bound to the edge of the system by the nontrivial boundary condition resulting from the combined effect of the SO coupling and the drop in the particle density. The same boundary condition is important in the magnetized phase as well, where we characterize numerically the boundary spin structure. We further discuss how the nontrivial magnetization structure affects the density profile near the boundary, yet another prediction that can be tested in current experiments of spin-orbit coupled condensates.
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