用激发态的量子噪声研究动态相变和预热效应
Exploring dynamical phase transitions and prethermalization with quantum noise of excitations
摘要：
动态相变可以发生在孤立的量子系统中，这些系统由于突然的参数变化而脱离平衡。我们讨论了这种动态相变的基础上产生的激发的统计特性。我们认为O（N）模型中的大N限制和自旋模型与长程相互作用，并表明其预热稳态的动力学临界性最显着的表现不是在平均激发数，但在他们的更高的时刻。我们认为，缺陷波动的增长进行独特的签名的动力学临界，无论模型的精确细节。我们的理论结果对超冷玻色子原子在光晶格中的量子猝灭实验具有指导意义。
英文摘要：
Dynamical phase transitions can occur in isolated quantum systems that are brought out of equilibrium by sudden parameter changes. We discuss the characterization of such dynamical phase transitions based on the statistics of produced excitations. We consider both the O(N) model in the large N limit and a spin model with long range interactions and show that the dynamical criticality of their prethermal steady-states manifests most dramatically not in the average number of excitations but in their higher moments. We argue that the growth of defect fluctuations carries unique signatures of the dynamical criticality, irrespective of the precise details of the model. Our theoretical results should be relevant to quantum quench experiments with ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices.
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