CMB B模、旋量时空和前大爆炸（II）
CMB B-modes, spinorial space-time and Pre-Big Bang (II)
摘要：
BICEP 2合作组最近报道了一个与零假设不一致的宇宙微波背景（CMB）辐射的B模偏振，其显著性大于5 σ。这个结果经常被解释为来自宇宙暴胀的原始引力波的特征，即使实际上极化的尘埃辐射可能是这种信号的起源。即使假设部分CMB B模偏振确实对应于早期宇宙动力学，它在暴胀和原始引力波方面的解释也不是唯一可能的。其他的宇宙学，如前大爆炸模式和我们在1996-97年引入的旋量时空（SST），自然可以解释这样的CMB B模。特别是，SST自动生成一个特权空间方向（PSD），其存在可能已被普朗克数据证实。如果这样的PSD存在，似乎正常的推断，矢量扰动已经存在于早期宇宙中，导致CMB B模在合适的宇宙学模式。假设BICEP 2真的包含原始信号，就不需要暴胀来解释它。更一般地说，大爆炸前的宇宙学也可以在早期宇宙中产生引力波，而不需要任何宇宙暴胀。我们在这里进一步讨论可能的替代品的膨胀解释的原始B模式极化的宇宙微波背景辐射。
英文摘要：
The BICEP2 collaboration reported recently a B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of > 5 σ. This result has been often interpreted as a signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation, even if actually polarized dust emission may be at the origin of such a signal. Even assuming that part of this CMB B-mode polarization really corresponds to the early Universe dynamics, its interpretation in terms of inflation and primordial gravitational waves is not the only possible one. Alternative cosmologies such as pre-Big Bang patterns and the spinorial space-time (SST) we introduced in 1996-97 can naturally account for such CMB B-modes. In particular, the SST automatically generates a privileged space direction (PSD) whose existence may have been confirmed by Planck data. If such a PSD exists, it seems normal to infer that vector perturbations have been present in the early Universe leading to CMB B-modes in suitable cosmological patterns. Inflation would not be required to explain the BICEP2 result assuming it really contains a primordial signal. More generally, pre-Big Bang cosmologies can also generate gravitational waves in the early Universe without any need for cosmic inflation. We further discuss here possible alternatives to the inflationary interpretation of a primordial B-mode polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation.
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