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arXiv 1408.5597astro-ph.GA
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来自郊区的见解:天炉座矮球状星系外部的化学和动力学性质

Insights from the Outskirts: Chemical and Dynamical Properties in the outer Parts of the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

Benjamin Hendricks, Andreas Koch, Matthew Walker, Christian I. Johnson, Jorge Penarrubia, Gerard Gilmore

摘要:

我们目前的径向速度和[Fe/H]丰度的340恒星在天炉座矮椭球从R~16,000光谱。这些目标是在星系的外部获得的,这是一个以前研究得很差的区域。我们的样品显示出[Fe/H]的宽范围,在-0.5和-3.0 dex之间,其中我们检测到三个亚组。去除属于最富金属的恒星会产生一个截断的金属丰度分布函数,这与玉夫座相同,表明这些系统有着相似的早期演化,只是天炉座经历了一个晚期的,强烈的恒星形成时期(SF)。年龄-金属丰度关系表明,[Fe/H]在早期快速增加,之后,年龄小于~8 Gyr的恒星的[Fe/H]显著增加。此外,数据显示在4 Gyr附近有一个强大的恒星群体,然后是[Fe/H]的第二次快速富集。一个漏盒化学富集模型通常与观测到的关系相匹配,但不能预测年轻恒星的大量存在,也不能预测后期的强烈富集。因此,天炉座的年轻人口可能来自外部触发的SF事件。我们的动力学分析揭示了随着[Fe/H]从sigma_sys 7.5 km/s降低到>14 km/s,速度色散增加,表明在暗物质主导的晕中存在由外向内的恒星形成历史。在低金属丰度下的大速度色散可能是年龄大于~8 Gyr的恒星的非高斯速度分布的结果。我们的样本还包括来自天炉座GC H2和H5的成员。与以往的研究结果一致,我们发现H2的[Fe/H]=-2.04+-0.04和RV=59.36+-0.31 km/s; H5的[Fe/H]=-2.02+-0.11和RV=59.39+-0.44 km/s。总的来说,我们发现大的化学和动力学性质的复杂性,与签名,另外随着银河系的距离。

英文摘要:

We present radial velocities and [Fe/H] abundances for 340 stars in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal from R~16,000 spectra. The targets have been obtained in the outer parts of the galaxy, a region which has been poorly studied before. Our sample shows a wide range in [Fe/H], between -0.5 and -3.0 dex, in which we detect three subgroups. Removal of stars belonging to the most metal-rich population produces a truncated metallicity distribution function that is identical to Sculptor, indicating that these systems have shared a similar early evolution, only that Fornax experienced a late, intense period of star formation (SF). The derived age-metallicity relation shows a fast increase in [Fe/H] at early ages, after which the enrichment flattens significantly for stars younger than ~8 Gyr. Additionally, the data indicate a strong population of stars around 4 Gyr, followed by a second rapid enrichment in [Fe/H]. A leaky-box chemical enrichment model generally matches the observed relation but does not predict a significant population of young stars nor the strong enrichment at late times. The young population in Fornax may therefore originate from an externally triggered SF event. Our dynamical analysis reveals an increasing velocity dispersion with decreasing [Fe/H] from sigma_sys 7.5 km/s to >14 km/s, indicating an outside-in star formation history in a dark matter dominated halo. The large velocity dispersion at low metallicities is possibly the result of a non-Gaussian velocity distribution amongst stars older than ~8 Gyr. Our sample also includes members from the Fornax GCs H2 and H5. In agreement with past studies we find [Fe/H]=-2.04+-0.04 and a mean radial velocity RV=59.36+-0.31 km/s for H2 and [Fe/H]=-2.02+-0.11 and RV=59.39+-0.44 km/s for H5. Overall, we find large complexity in the chemical and dynamical properties, with signatures that additionally vary with galactocentric distance.

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