范德波尔和弛豫振荡的历史：走向一个概念的出现
Van der Pol and the history of relaxation oscillations: toward the emergence of a concept
摘要：
弛豫振荡通常与巴尔萨扎·范德波尔的名字联系在一起，他在他的论文（哲学杂志，1926年）中显然引入了这个术语来描述由自维持振荡系统（如振荡电路）产生的非线性振荡。我们的目标是研究驰豫振荡实际上是如何被发现的。浏览19世纪后期的文献，我们确定了四个自振荡系统，其中观察到弛豫振荡：i）由热拉尔-莱斯库耶（1880年）指挥的系列发电机，ii）由杜德尔（1901年）发现并由布隆德尔（1905年）研究的音乐弧，iii）由德福雷斯特（1907年）发明的曲弦，以及，iv）亚伯拉罕和布洛赫（1917年）详细阐述的多谐振荡器。描述这样一个自激振荡系统的微分方程是由庞加莱（1908年）、珍妮特（1919年）和布隆德尔（1919年）提出的。一旦Janet（1919）确定这三个自振荡系统可以用同一个方程描述，van der Pol（1926）提出了一个通用的无量纲方程，该方程捕捉了这些系统共享的相关动力学性质。范德波尔的贡献期间，1926年至1930年进行了调查，以显示如何，与乐Corbeiller的帮助下，他普及了"弛豫振荡"使用以前的实验为例，并把它们变成一个概念。
英文摘要：
Relaxation oscillations are commonly associated with the name of Balthazar van der Pol via his eponymous paper (Philosophical Magazine, 1926) in which he apparently introduced this terminology to describe the nonlinear oscillations produced by self-sustained oscillating systems such as a triode circuit. Our aim is to investigate how relaxation oscillations were actually discovered. Browsing the literature from the late 19th century, we identified four self-oscillating systems in which relaxation oscillations have been observed: i) the series dynamo machine conducted by Gérard-Lescuyer (1880), ii) the musical arc discovered by Duddell (1901) and investigated by Blondel (1905), iii) the triode invented by de Forest (1907) and, iv) the multivibrator elaborated by Abraham and Bloch (1917). The differential equation describing such a self-oscillating system was proposed by Poincaré for the musical arc (1908), by Janet for the series dynamo machine (1919), and by Blondel for the triode (1919). Once Janet (1919) established that these three self-oscillating systems can be described by the same equation, van der Pol proposed (1926) a generic dimensionless equation which captures the relevant dynamical properties shared by these systems. Van der Pol's contributions during the period of 1926-1930 were investigated to show how, with Le Corbeiller's help, he popularized the "relaxation oscillations" using the previous experiments as examples and, turned them into a concept.
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