铁基超导体：简要综述
Iron based superconductors: A brief overview
摘要：
铁基超导体于2008年被发现。这一发现与T $_c$值高达56 K，产生了一个新的信念，在该领域的超导。在铜氧化物的高温超导性被发现之前，人们一直认为铜氧化物是高温超导材料的基本组成部分。这些铁基超导体不含Cu-O平面（某些材料甚至不含O）。在这篇评论中，我们认为这些铁磷属元素化物和硫属元素化物（FePn/Ch）超导体在费米表面有Fe电子，并且具有不寻常的费米学，可以随着掺杂而迅速变化。这可能导致与标准电子-声子耦合{ \it常规}超导体相比非常不同的正常态和超导态性质。大量的证据表明，尽管这些化合物的超导电性机制尚不清楚，但它们的超导性、磁性、轨道涨落是密切相关的，并且在这些材料中共存。电子比热、$\frac{2Δ}{k_B T_c}$比、相图、同位素效应、晶体结构及其与T $_c$的相关性是本文的主要内容。
英文摘要：
Fe-based superconductors were discovered in 2008. This discovery with T$_c$ values up to 56 K, generated a new belief in the field of superconductivity. Till its discovery, high temperature superconductivity in cuprates, created a prejudice that Cu-oxides are essential building blocks for a high temperature superconducting material. These Fe based superconductors do not contain Cu-O planes (some of the materials are even O free). It will be argued in this review, that these iron pnictide and chalcogenide (FePn/Ch) superconductors have Fe electrons at the Fermi surface together with an unusual Fermiology that can change rapidly with doping. This may lead to very different normal and superconducting state properties compared to those in standard electron-phonon coupled {\it conventional} superconductors. There are a large number of evidences showing that superconductivity, magnetism, orbital fluctuations are intimately related and coexist in these materials although the mechanism of superconductivity in these compounds is still unknown. The electronic specific heat, $\frac{2Δ}{k_B T_c}$ ratio, phase diagrams, isotope effect, crystal structures and there correlation to T$_c$ from various available experimental data are main inputs of this review to show the above.
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