强磁场中的康普顿散射：回旋共振时自旋相关的影响
Compton scattering in strong magnetic fields: Spin-dependent influences at the cyclotron resonance
摘要：
强磁场中康普顿散射的量子电动力学（QED）过程在高场强磁星和磁星的X射线和软γ射线发射的大气和内磁层模型中被普遍引用。场的一个主要影响是在回旋频率及其谐波处引入共振，其中入射光子访问用于在具有激发朗道能级的中间态中产生虚电子或正电子的阈值。在这些共振处，有效截面通常超过经典汤姆逊值超过2个数量级。在44.13太高斯的量子临界磁场附近和之上，在计算这个截面时必须结合相对论修正。本文提出了形式主义的QED磁康普顿微分截面有效的亚临界和超临界领域，但仅限于散射光子低于对创建阈值。计算开发的特定情况下，光子最初沿场传播，数学上简单的专业化，密切相关的相互作用，涉及相对论电子经常发现在中子星磁层。相对论、量子、磁康普顿截面的论述充分地处理了电子自旋依赖性，因为这是描述中间态的有限衰变寿命的关键特征。该形式采用了磁狄拉克方程的Johnson和Lippmann（JL）波函数和Sokolov和Ternov（ST）电子本征函数。ST状态在形式上是正确的自洽处理自旋相关的影响，是如此重要的共振。相对紧凑的解析形式的截面，将证明有用的天体物理建模。
英文摘要：
The quantum electrodynamical (QED) process of Compton scattering in strong magnetic fields is commonly invoked in atmospheric and inner magnetospheric models of x-ray and soft gamma-ray emission in high-field pulsars and magnetars. A major influence of the field is to introduce resonances at the cyclotron frequency and its harmonics, where the incoming photon accesses thresholds for the creation of virtual electrons or positrons in intermediate states with excited Landau levels. At these resonances, the effective cross section typically exceeds the classical Thomson value by over 2 orders of magnitude. Near and above the quantum critical magnetic field of 44.13 TeraGauss, relativistic corrections must be incorporated when computing this cross section. This paper presents formalism for the QED magnetic Compton differential cross section valid for both subcritical and supercritical fields, yet restricted to scattered photons that are below pair creation threshold. Calculations are developed for the particular case of photons initially propagating along the field, mathematically simple specializations that are germane to interactions involving relativistic electrons frequently found in neutron star magnetospheres. This exposition of relativistic, quantum, magnetic Compton cross sections treats electron spin dependence fully, since this is a critical feature for describing the finite decay lifetimes of the intermediate states. The formalism employs both the Johnson and Lippmann (JL) wave functions and the Sokolov and Ternov (ST) electron eigenfunctions of the magnetic Dirac equation. The ST states are formally correct for self-consistently treating spin-dependent effects that are so important in the resonances. Relatively compact analytic forms for the cross sections are presented that will prove useful for astrophysical modelers.
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