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大质量晕在宇宙恒星形成史中的作用

The role of massive halos in the Star Formation History of the Universe

P. Popesso, A. Biviano, A. Finoguenov, D. Wilman, M. Salvato, B. Magnelli, C. Gruppioni, F. Pozzi, G. Rodighiero, F. Ziparo, S. Berta, D. Elbaz, M. Dickinson, D… 展开作者

P. Popesso, A. Biviano, A. Finoguenov, D. Wilman, M. Salvato, B. Magnelli, C. Gruppioni, F. Pozzi, G. Rodighiero, F. Ziparo, S. Berta, D. Elbaz, M. Dickinson, D. Lutz, B. Altieri, H. Aussel, A. Cimatti, D. Fadda, O. Ilbert, E. Le Floch, R. Nordon, A. Poglitsch, S. Genel, C. K. Xu

摘要:

宇宙恒星形成史(CSFH)最显著的特征是自z~1以来恒星形成(SF)活动急剧下降。在这项工作中,我们调查,如果组装和结构的生长过程是所观察到的下降的主要驱动力之一。我们研究了不同质量晕中星系对CSFH的贡献。这是通过使用斯皮策MIPS和Herschel PACS和SPIRE进行的最深的中红外和远红外巡天,在57个星系团和星系团的样本中研究从红移0到红移z~1.6的总SFR-晕质量红移平面来完成的。我们的研究结果表明,低质量基团在z~1处对CSFH的贡献为60-80%。在过去的80亿年里,这种贡献比CSFH下降得更快,在z<0.3时下降到不到10%,其中整体SF活动由较低质量的晕维持。更大质量的系统在任何时期都只提供边际贡献(<10%)。一个简化的丰度匹配方法表明,z~1处的低质量星系团的巨大贡献是由于大部分(>50%)的非常大的质量,高恒星形成的主序星星系。在z~1以下,大量晕中必须发生淬灭过程,以导致观察到的SF活动的更快抑制。然而,这样的过程必须是一个缓慢的过程,因为大多数模型在吸积卫星中实现了SF活动的快速淬火,大大低估了在任何红移下观测到的大质量晕中的SF水平。饥饿或从冷到热吸积的过渡将提供一个与观测更一致的1 Gyrs的淬火时标。我们的研究结果表明,在这种情况下,由于结构形成过程中,越来越多的星系经历的群体环境,因此,相关的淬火过程。这导致其SF活性的逐渐抑制,从而在z~1以下形成CSFH。

英文摘要:

The most striking feature of the Cosmic Star Formation History (CSFH) of the Universe is a dramatic drop of the star formation (SF) activity, since z~1. In this work we investigate if the very same process of assembly and growth of structures is one of the major drivers of the observed decline. We study the contribution to the CSFH of galaxies in halos of different masses. This is done by studying the total SFR-halo mass-redshift plane from redshift 0 to redshift z~1.6 in a sample of 57 groups and clusters by using the deepest available mid- and far-infrared surveys conducted with Spitzer MIPS and Herschel PACS and SPIRE. Our results show that low mass groups provide a 60-80% contribution to the CSFH at z~1. Such contribution declines faster than the CSFH in the last 8 billion years to less than 10% at z<0.3, where the overall SF activity is sustained by lower mass halos. More massive systems provide only a marginal contribution (<10%) at any epoch. A simplified abundance matching method shows that the large contribution of low mass groups at z~1 is due to a large fraction (>50%) of very massive, highly star forming Main Sequence galaxies. Below z~1 a quenching process must take place in massive halos to cause the observed faster suppression of their SF activity. Such process must be a slow one though, as most of the models implementing a rapid quenching of the SF activity in accreting satellites significantly underpredicts the observed SF level in massive halos at any redshift. Starvation or the transition from cold to hot accretion would provide a quenching timescale of 1 Gyrs more consistent with the observations. Our results suggest a scenario in which, due to the structure formation process, more and more galaxies experience the group environment and, thus, the associated quenching process. This leads to the progressive suppression of their SF activity shaping the CSFH below z~1.

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