冷水型超地球的结构和动力学：闭塞型CH4及其放气
Structure and Dynamics of Cold Water Super-Earths: The Case of Occluded CH4 and its Outgassing
摘要：
我们研究了甲烷在富含水的超级地球周围的外部水包层中的传输，并估计了其释放到大气中的气体。我们研究了甲烷对水地幔热力学和力学的影响。我们发现，包括甲烷在水基质中引入了一个新的阶段（填充冰），导致更热的行星内部。这种效应使得超离子和网状相可以被相对较低质量的行星所接近，缺乏H/He大气。我们模拟了行星地壳的热和结构剖面，并讨论了五种可能的地壳制度。甲烷笼形物在地下的形成显示出抑制地下海洋的形成。这种效应导致岩石圈上的应力增加，使冰板块构造模式成为可能。分析了构造板块的动力学。我们推导出翻转和重铺时间尺度，以及下面的扩展中心的熔体分数。冰幔动力学被认为是重要的评估大气的组成。建立了甲烷释放通量与构造模式动力学之间的关系。我们给出了数值估计的全球释气率的甲烷进入大气。
英文摘要：
We study the transport of methane in the external water envelopes surrounding water-rich super-Earths and estimate its outgassing into the atmosphere. We investigate the influence of methane on the thermodynamics and mechanics of the water mantle. We find that including methane in the water matrix introduces a new phase (filled ice) resulting in hotter planetary interiors. This effect renders the super-ionic and reticulating phases accessible to relatively low mass planets lacking a H/He atmosphere. We model the thermal and structural profile of the planetary crust and discuss five possible crustal regimes. The formation of methane clathrate in the subsurface is shown to inhibit the formation of a subterranean ocean. This effect results in increased stresses on the lithosphere making modes of ice plate tectonics possible. The dynamics of the tectonic plates are analysed. We derive overturn and resurfacing time scales as well as the melt fraction underneath spreading centers. Ice mantle dynamics is found to be important for assessing the composition of the atmosphere. We formulate the relation between the outgassing flux of methane and the tectonic mode dynamics. We give numerical estimates for the global outgassing rate of methane into the atmosphere.
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