确定布洛赫带拓扑的Aharonov-Bohm干涉仪
An Aharonov-Bohm interferometer for determining Bloch band topology
摘要：
固体中能带的几何结构是凝聚态物质中广泛的多体现象的基础，其独特的特征在于布里渊区上的Berry曲率分布。类比于测量实空间中穿透给定区域的磁通量的Aharonov-Bohm干涉仪，我们实现了测量动量空间中Berry通量的原子干涉仪。我们演示了石墨烯型六方晶格的干涉仪，它使我们能够直接检测到奇异的$π$ Berry通量定位在每个狄拉克点。我们表明，干涉仪使一个确定的Berry曲率的分布与高的动量分辨率。我们的工作形成了一个通用的框架，以充分表征拓扑能带结构的基础上，也可以促进完整的量子计算通过控制开发的希尔伯特空间的几何形状。
英文摘要：
The geometric structure of an energy band in a solid is fundamental for a wide range of many-body phenomena in condensed matter and is uniquely characterized by the distribution of Berry curvature over the Brillouin zone. In analogy to an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer that measures the magnetic flux penetrating a given area in real space, we realize an atomic interferometer to measure Berry flux in momentum space. We demonstrate the interferometer for a graphene-type hexagonal lattice, where it has allowed us to directly detect the singular $π$ Berry flux localized at each Dirac point. We show that the interferometer enables one to determine the distribution of Berry curvature with high momentum resolution. Our work forms the basis for a general framework to fully characterize topological band structures and can also facilitate holonomic quantum computing through controlled exploitation of the geometry of Hilbert space.
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