现代科学哲学克服相对主义倾向的概念前提
Conceptual Preconditions of Overcoming of Relativistic Intentions in Modern Philosophy of Science
摘要：
本文认为，在现代科学哲学中，克服相对主义意图的某些概念前提是可能的（“科学哲学中不存在任何普遍的基础”）。我们发现科学哲学至少有两个一般基础。从第一个方面看，在对时间进行特殊理解的基础上，揭示时间在自然思想（特别是引力理论）和人文知识中的价值是现实的。这就是为什么科学哲学在认识论和本体论中具有独立的地位，与时间解释作为科学思维的一般范畴相对应。时间的本质具有内在的矛盾性。时间是同时存在和不存在的现象。这种现象与想象的运动相一致，也与自然形成的理想（形式）过程相一致。对时间的一般理解与其作为语言实践的可计算的形式规则的“数学”意义以及自然（物理）过程智能的定量参数的普遍组织规则有关。从第二个方面，我们可以说存在着一个实际的科学哲学分支。它存在的基础是揭示其文化和历史发展的先验意识限度。对时间有一种特殊的解释。在这种背景下，时间是文化现象的一种行为或其“能量”与某种“重量”的联系，是通过将“距离”类比为文化和历史空间的强度（或“心理意图相互作用的对立性质”）来确定意识的一个单独限度的历史重要性。
英文摘要：
The paper defends the thesis that it's possible to maintain some conceptual preconditions of overcoming of relativistic intentions in modern philosophy of science ("there are no any general foundations in philosophy of science"). We found two general foundations in philosophy of science as a minimum. From the first side it's realistic to reveal on the base of special understanding of time the value of time not only in natural thought (especially in theory of gravity) but also in humanitarian knowledge. That's why philosophy of science has independent position in epistemology and ontology corresponding to interpretation of time as a general category of scientific thinking. The nature of time has internally inconsistent (paradoxical) character. Time is phenomenon which existing and not existing at the same time. This phenomenon is identified with imaginary movement and also ideal (formal) process of formation of the nature. The general understanding of time is connected with its "mathematical" meaning as calculable formal regulation of language practice and also the universal organization rules of quantitative parameters of intelligence of natural (physical) processes. From the second side we can say that exist an actual branch of philosophy of science. It exists on the basis of disclosure of aprioristic limits of consciousness of its cultural and historical development. There is possible a special interpretation of time. In that context time is the connection of an action of the cultural phenomenon or its "energy" with some kind of "weight", the historical importance of a separate limit of consciousness through analog of "distance" as intensity of cultural and historical space (or "oppositional nature of interaction of mental intentions").
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