本体感受反馈调节分段分布微电路系统中的协调信息
Proprioceptive feedback modulates coordinating information in a system of segmentally-distributed microcircuits
摘要：
控制甲壳动物泳肢的模块化神经回路系统驱动着一个动力冲程和回程冲程运动的元时序列，有效地推动动物前进。这些神经模块是同步的节间协调电路，这些模块之间施加特征相位差。使用一个半完整的准备，离开一个swimmeret连接到一个否则孤立的小龙虾中央神经系统的小龙虾，我们调查了这个系统的节律性活动如何应对强加的动作。我们记录的Ps和Rs神经支配的附加肢体和协调轴突编码的输出拷贝的Ps和Rs轴突的周期性突发的细胞外。同时，我们记录了更多的前节和后节的同源神经。维持性回缩不影响周期，但可迅速减弱Ps爆发，加强Rs爆发，并引起协调轴突传出拷贝的强度和时间发生相应变化。这些传出副本的强度和时间的变化，然后引起的阶段和持续时间的变化，但不是强度，PS突发模块控制相邻的游泳。当肢体被释放时，这些变化迅速逆转。每一个泳肢都受两个非尖峰牵张感受器（Nssrs）的支配，当肢体缩回时，Nssrs会产生反应。电压钳的NSSR改变的持续时间和强度的爆发在PS和Rs轴突支配同一肢体，并引起相应的变化，在传出副本的这种运动输出。
英文摘要：
The system of modular neural circuits that controls crustacean swimmerets drives a metachronal sequence of power-stroke and return-stroke movements that propels the animal forward efficiently. These neural modules are synchronized by an intersegmental coordinating circuit that imposes characteristic phase differences between these modules. Using a semi-intact preparation that left one swimmeret attached to an otherwise isolated crayfish central nervous system of the crayfish, we investigated how the rhythmic activity of this system responded to imposed movements. We recorded extracellularly from the Ps and Rs nerves that innervated the attached limb and from coordinating axons that encode efference copies of the periodic bursts in Ps and Rs axons. Simultaneously we recorded from homologous nerves in more anterior and posterior segments. Maintained retractions did not affect cycle period, but promptly weakened Ps bursts, strengthened Rs bursts, and caused corresponding changes in the strength and timing of efference copies in the coordinating axons. These changes in strength and timing of these efference copies then caused changes in the phase and duration, but not the strength, of Ps bursts in modules controlling neighboring swimmerets. These changes were promptly reversed when the limb was released. Each swimmeret is innervated by two nonspiking stretch receptors, Nssrs, that depolarize when the limb is retracted. Voltage-clamp of an Nssr changed the durations and strengths of bursts in Ps and Rs axons innervating the same limb, and caused corresponding changes in the efference copies of this motor output.
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