用液体闪烁探测器测量苏丹矿的μ中子
Measuring Muon-Induced Neutrons with Liquid Scintillation Detector at Soudan Mine
摘要：
本文报道了用EJ-301液体闪烁体制造的12升中子探测器在苏丹矿工作两年左右，对μ子感生高能中子的直接探测。探测器对能量从几兆电子伏到$\sim$ 20兆电子伏的响应已经用放射源和宇宙射线μ子校准。随后，我们已经计算了闪烁效率的核反冲，高达几百MeV，使用伯克斯定律的Monte Carlo模拟。从曝光的655.1天的数据进行了分析和中子引起的反冲事件中观察到的能量区域从4兆电子伏至50兆电子伏，对应于快中子的动能高达几百兆电子伏，这取决于散射角。结合Monte Carlo模拟，确定了μ子感生快中子注量为$(2.3 \pm 0.52 (sta.) \pm 0.99 (sys.) ) \times10^{-9}$ cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$（E $_{n}$ $>$ 20 MeV），与模型预测值吻合较好。发现μ子通量为（$1.65\pm 0.02 (sta.) \pm 0.1 (sys.) ) \times10^{-7}$ cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$（E $_μ$ $>$ 1 GeV），与其他测量结果一致.结果表明，在苏丹深度，μ子引起的高能γ射线通量为7.08 $\times$ 10 $^{-7}$ cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$（E $_γ$ $>$ 1 MeV）.
英文摘要：
We report a direct detection of muon-induced high energy neutrons with a 12-liter neutron detector fabricated with EJ-301 liquid scintillator operating at Soudan Mine for about two years. The detector response to energy from a few MeV up to $\sim$ 20 MeV has been calibrated using radioactive sources and cosmic-ray muons. Subsequently, we have calculated the scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, up to a few hundred MeV, using Birks' law in the Monte Carlo simulation. Data from an exposure of 655.1 days were analyzed and neutron-induced recoil events were observed in the energy region from 4 MeV to 50 MeV, corresponding to fast neutrons with kinetic energy up to a few hundred MeV, depending on the scattering angle. Combining with the Monte Carlo simulation, the muon-induced fast neutron flux is determined to be $(2.3 \pm 0.52 (sta.) \pm 0.99 (sys.) ) \times10^{-9}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (E$_{n}$ $>$ 20 MeV), in a reasonable agreement with the model prediction. The muon flux is found to be ($1.65\pm 0.02 (sta.) \pm 0.1 (sys.) ) \times10^{-7}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (E$_μ$ $>$ 1 GeV), consistent with other measurements. As a result, the muon-induced high energy gamma-ray flux is simulated to be 7.08 $\times$10$^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (E$_γ$ $>$ 1 MeV) for the depth of Soudan.
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