流体动力学洛施密特回波实验中几何保护的可逆性
Geometrically-protected reversibility in hydrodynamic Loschmidt-echo experiments
摘要：
我们展示了一个典型的洛施米特回声实验，涉及成千上万的液滴通过粘性流体以可逆的方式相互作用。首先，我们表明，不同于平衡系统，周期性驱动的微流体乳液自组织和几何保护其宏观可逆性。自组织不仅是动态的，我们表明，它有一个明确的结构签名类似于分子液体的混合物中发现的。其次，我们发现，在最大振幅以上，结构有序性和可逆性以一阶非平衡相变的形式同时丧失。我们占这个不连续的过渡方面的记忆丧失过程。最后，我们提出了微流体回声作为一个强大的工具，在大规模定制胶体自组装的潜在应用。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate an archetypal Loschmidt-echo experiment involving thousands of droplets which interact in a reversible fashion via a viscous fluid. Firstly, we show that, unlike equilibrium systems, periodically driven microfluidic emulsions self-organize and geometrically protect their macroscopic reversibility. Self-organization is not merely dynamical; we show that it has a clear structural signature akin to that found in a mixture of molecular liquids. Secondly, we show that, above a maximal shaking amplitude, structural order and reversibility are lost simultaneously in the form of a first order non-equilibrium phase transition. We account for this discontinuous transition in terms of a memory-loss process. Finally, we suggest potential applications of microfluidic echo as a robust tool to tailor colloidal self-assembly at large scales.
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