使用NEAT测试平台进行计量校准和极高精度的定心
Metrology calibration and very high accuracy centroiding with the NEAT testbed
摘要：
NEAT是向欧空局提出的一项天体测量任务，目的是探测附近太阳型恒星宜居带中的类地系外行星。NEAT要求能够以5e-6像素的精度测量恒星质心。目前最先进的质心估计方法在两倍奈奎斯特采样时已经达到约2 e-5像素的精度，这在JPL的VESTA实验中得到了证明。使用计量系统来校准像素内和像素间量子效率变化，以便校正像素误差。NEAT联盟的欧洲部分正在真空中建立一个测试平台，以实现质心估计的5e-6像素精度。目的是为NEAT航天器的精度要求提供概念验证。试验台由两个主要的子系统组成。第一种方法产生伪星：将黑体光源馈入大芯光纤，照亮物平面上的针孔掩模，由CCD上的反射镜成像。第二个子系统是测量子系统，它将年轻的条纹投射到CCD上。干涉条纹由两条单模光纤产生，光纤面对CCD并固定在反射镜上。在本文中，我们介绍了自2013年7月以来进行的实验和获得的结果，当时我们在计量星和伪星上都有第一束光。我们解释了我们使用的数据简化程序。
英文摘要：
NEAT is an astrometric mission proposed to ESA with the objectives of detecting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby solar-type stars. NEAT requires the capability to measure stellar centroids at the precision of 5e-6 pixel. Current state-of-the-art methods for centroid estimation have reached a precision of about 2e-5 pixel at two times Nyquist sampling, this was shown at the JPL by the VESTA experiment. A metrology system was used to calibrate intra and inter pixel quantum efficiency variations in order to correct pixelation errors. The European part of the NEAT consortium is building a testbed in vacuum in order to achieve 5e-6 pixel precision for the centroid estimation. The goal is to provide a proof of concept for the precision requirement of the NEAT spacecraft. The testbed consists of two main sub-systems. The first one produces pseudo stars: a blackbody source is fed into a large core fiber and lights-up a pinhole mask in the object plane, which is imaged by a mirror on the CCD. The second sub-system is the metrology, it projects young fringes on the CCD. The fringes are created by two single mode fibers facing the CCD and fixed on the mirror. In this paper we present the experiments conducted and the results obtained since July 2013 when we had the first light on both the metrology and pseudo stars. We explain the data reduction procedures we used.
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