黑洞烟花：视界外的量子引力效应引发黑洞到白洞的隧穿
Black hole fireworks: quantum-gravity effects outside the horizon spark black to white hole tunneling
摘要：
我们证明了在物质坍缩成黑洞然后从白洞出来的有限时空区域之外，存在一个满足爱因斯坦方程的经典度规。我们明确地计算这个度量。我们展示了量子理论是如何确定这个过程发生的（长）时间的。因此，黑洞可以通过量子隧道进入白洞。要做到这一点，量子引力也应该在视界外的一个小区域内影响度规：我们证明，与通常的假设相反，这并不被因果关系或半经典近似所禁止，因为量子效应可以在很长一段时间内堆积起来。这种情况从根本上改变了对黑洞信息之谜的讨论。
英文摘要：
We show that there is a classical metric satisfying the Einstein equations outside a finite spacetime region where matter collapses into a black hole and then emerges from a white hole. We compute this metric explicitly. We show how quantum theory determines the (long) time for the process to happen. A black hole can thus quantum-tunnel into a white hole. For this to happen, quantum gravity should affect the metric also in a small region outside the horizon: we show that contrary to what is commonly assumed, this is not forbidden by causality or by the semiclassical approximation, because quantum effects can pile up over a long time. This scenario alters radically the discussion on the black hole information puzzle.
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