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arXiv 1407.0485astro-ph.SR
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星团硫的星系演化线索

Clues on the Galactic evolution of sulphur from star clusters

E. Caffau, L. Monaco, M. Spite, P. Bonifacio, G. Carraro, H. -G. Ludwig, S. Villanova, Y. Beletsky, L. Sbordone

摘要:

阿尔法元素的丰度是恒星形成历史和星系化学演化的有力诊断。硫是中等挥发性的,在阻尼Ly-alpha星系和河外HII区域的星际介质中可以可靠地测量。我们银河系中不同金属丰度的恒星的测量结果可以很容易地与外部星系的丰度进行比较。这样的比较对于在ISM中遭受到灰尘上的耗尽的Si或Ca是不可能的。此外,研究硫是有趣的,因为它探测核合成的条件是非常不同的O或Mg。星团中的测量是硫的星系演化的可靠示踪剂。我们发现M4的<A(S)>NLTE=6.11+/-0.04,NGC 2477的<A(S)>NLTE=7.17+/-0.02,NGC 5822的<A(S)>NLTE=7.13+/-0.06。对于Trumpler 5中唯一研究的恒星,我们发现A(S)NLTE=6.43+/-0.03和A(S)LTE=6.94+/-0.05。我们的测量结果表明,总的来说,在银河系星团中的S丰度可靠地跟踪场星。唯一可能的例外是Trumpler 5,它的NLTE硫丰度意味着[S/Fe]比比在具有可比金属丰度的场星中观察到的低约0.4 dex,尽管它的LTE硫丰度与场星的丰度一致。此外,LTE硫丰度仅与同一恒星中另一种α元素Mg的丰度一致,而低NLTE值与Si和Ca一致。在我们的样本中的恒星在集群中的S丰度意味着集群是化学均匀的S在0.05 dex。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) The abundances of alpha-elements are a powerful diagnostic of the star formation history and chemical evolution of a galaxy. Sulphur, being moderately volatile, can be reliably measured in the interstellar medium (ISM) of damped Ly-alpha galaxies and extragalactic HII regions. Measurements in stars of different metallicity in our Galaxy can then be readily compared to the abundances in external galaxies. Such a comparison is not possible for Si or Ca that suffer depletion onto dust in the ISM. Furthermore, studying sulphur is interesting because it probes nucleosynthetic conditions that are very different from those of O or Mg. The measurements in star clusters are a reliable tracers of the Galactic evolution of sulphur. We find <A(S)>NLTE=6.11+/-0.04 for M 4, <A(S)>NLTE=7.17+/-0.02 for NGC 2477, and <A(S)>NLTE=7.13+/-0.06 for NGC 5822. For the only star studied in Trumpler 5 we find A(S)NLTE=6.43+/-0.03 and A(S)LTE=6.94+/-0.05. Our measurements show that, by and large, the S abundances in Galactic clusters trace reliably those in field stars. The only possible exception is Trumpler 5, for which the NLTE sulphur abundance implies an [S/Fe] ratio lower by roughly 0.4 dex than observed in field stars of comparable metallicity, even though its LTE sulphur abundance is in line with abundances of field stars. Moreover the LTE sulphur abundance is consistent only with the abundance of another alpha-element, Mg, in the same star, while the low NLTE value is consistent with Si and Ca. The S abundances in our sample of stars in clusters imply that the clusters are chemically homogeneous for S within 0.05 dex.

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