寡头的实验室？铁律如何延伸到同行生产
Laboratories of Oligarchy? How the Iron Law Extends to Peer Production
摘要：
像维基百科这样的同行生产项目激励了志愿协会、集体、社会运动和学者接受开放的在线协作作为民主组织的典范。然而，许多同伴生产项目表现出根深蒂固的领导力和深刻的不平等，这表明它们可能无法实现民主理想。相反，对等生产项目可能符合罗伯特·米歇尔斯的“寡头铁律”，该定律提出，民主成员制组织随着发展而变得越来越寡头化。使用详尽的数据，从683个维基的样本的内部流程，我们构建了经验的参与措施和测试与增长相关的寡头政治的增加。与以往的研究相比，我们发现支持米歇尔斯的铁律，并得出结论，同行生产需要寡头的组织形式。
英文摘要：
Peer production projects like Wikipedia have inspired voluntary associations, collectives, social movements, and scholars to embrace open online collaboration as a model of democratic organization. However, many peer production projects exhibit entrenched leadership and deep inequalities, suggesting that they may not fulfill democratic ideals. Instead, peer production projects may conform to Robert Michels' "iron law of oligarchy," which proposes that democratic membership organizations become increasingly oligarchic as they grow. Using exhaustive data of internal processes from a sample of 683 wikis, we construct empirical measures of participation and test for increases in oligarchy associated with growth. In contrast to previous studies, we find support for Michels' iron law and conclude that peer production entails oligarchic organizational forms.
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